Table 1 Characteristics of the neonatal study subjects (n = 176)
From: Association of umbilical cord blood lead with neonatal behavior at varying levels of exposure
Maturity in weeks (mean ± S.D) | 38.93 ± 3.45 |
|---|---|
Hours of birth (mean ± S.D) | 45.78 ± 15.15 |
Sex | Â |
   Male (n, %) | 99 (56.3) |
   Female (n, %) | 77 (43.7) |
Birth weight (g, mean ± S.D) | 2644.35 ± 413.15 |
Head circumference (cm, mean ± S.D) | 32.47 ± 2.13 |
Umbilical cord blood lead level (μg/dL, mean ± S.D) | 5.15 ± 12.65 |
Fetal obstetrical problem (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 6 (3.4) |
   No | 157 (89.2) |
   Unknown | 13 (7.4) |
Specific disorder in fetus/neonate (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 17 (9.6) |
   No | 145 (82.4) |
   Unknown | 14 (8.0) |
Maternal obstetrical problem (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 44 (25.0) |
   No | 119 (67.6) |
   Unknown | 13 (7.6) |
Problem noted during labor (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 59 (33.5) |
   No | 109 (61.9) |
   Unknown | 8 (4.6) |
Use of oxytoxic agents during labor (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 44 (25.0) |
   No | 127 (72.2) |
   Unknown | 5 (2.8) |
Rupture of membranes before labor onset (n, %) | Â |
   No | 135 (76.7) |
   Less than 24 hours | 29 (16.5) |
   24 to less than 72 hours | 5 (2.8) |
   72 to less than 120 hours | 1 (0.6) |
   More than 120 hours | 1 (0.6) |
   Unknown | 5 (2.8) |
Maternal medical problem during this pregnancy (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 30 (17.1) |
   No | 137 (77.8) |
   Unknown | 9 (5.1) |
Tobacco intake by mother (n, %) | Â |
   No | 164 (93.2) |
   Yes | 8 (4.6) |
   Unknown | 4 (2.2) |
Alcohol intake by mother (n, %) | Â |
   Yes | 3 (1.8) |
   No | 169 (96.0) |
   Unknown | 4 (2.2) |
House painted (n, %) | Â |
   No or white wash | 98 (55.7) |
   Yes, some | 35 (19.9) |
   Yes, complete | 39 (22.2) |
   Unknown | 4 (2.2) |
Age of house paint (n, %) | Â |
   < 5 years | 62 (83.8) |
   5 – 10 years | 7 (9.5) |
   Unknown | 5 (6.7) |
NBAS cluster scores (mean ± S.D) |  |
   Habituation | 28.91 ± 3.29 |
   Orientation | 43.06 ± 8.19 |
   Motor | 26.60 ± 3.69 |
   Range of state | 16.05 ± 3.83 |
   Regulation of state | 18.69 ± 5.38 |
   Autonomic stability | 14.12 ± 3.29 |
   Abnormal reflexes | 2.37 ± 1.98 |