Table 2 Distance and Congruency effects. For the distance effect the effect size ("effect") is given as distance 1 minus distance 5 values in milliseconds. For the physical task both the overall effect size and the effect size for the incongruent condition is given, separated by "/". (A) Effects for all 46 subjects. (B) Effects for the 30 subjects whose EEG data was analyzed.

Grade 3

Grade 5

Adults

Grade 3

Grade 5

Adults

Distance effect

df

(1,13)

(1,15)

(1,15)

(1,13)

(1,15)

(1,15)

F

85.2

38.98

71.92

--

--

5.38

p

<0.0001

0.0003

<0.0001

n.s.

n.s.

0.0348

effect

52

56

44

-13/-22

-8/-26

-7/-20

Congruency effect

df

(2,26)

(2,30)

(2,30)

(2,26)

(2,30)

(2,30)

F

135.81

62.94

78.28

32.41

37.07

56.23

ε

0.881

0.774

0.943

0.709

0.741

0.652

p

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

B. EEG Subjects

Numerical Task

Physical Task

Grade 3

Grade 5

Adults

Grade 3

Grade 5

Adults

Distance effect

df

(1,9)

(1,9)

(1,9)

(1,9)

(1,9)

(1,9)

F

48.45

25.84

67.57

--

--

5.49

p

<0.0001

0.0006

<0.0001

n.s.

n.s.

0.0437

effect

53

52

49

-7/-18

-10/-23

-11/-26

Congruency effect

df

(2,18)

(2,18)

(2,18)

(2,18)

(2,18)

(2,18)

F

94.3

89.63

58.07

27.27

29.66

39.11

ε

0.642

0.913

0.981

0.581

0.798

0.596

p

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.0002

<0.0001

<0.0001