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Table 1 Urine levels of tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) derivatives of children and adolescents with ADHD and healthy controls in nmol.

From: Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives: a new perspective on monoaminergic dysfunction in children with ADHD?

TIQ Derivative

ADHD

controls

ANOVA

ANCOVAa)

 

N

concentration mean (SEM)

N

concentration mean (SEM)

F

F

Salsolinol

      

Free

36

8.44 (2.04)

24

0.06 (0.1)

11.17***

5.87**

Total

38

19.34 (5.0)

24

2.79 (1.9)

6.57*

2.82ns

Bound cal

23

20.1 (7.2)

3

22.3 (11.0)

0.01ns

0.01ns

N-methyl-Salsolinol

      

Free

39

71.13 (8.6)

19

14.54 (4.0)

19.76***

10.31**

Total

39

129.01 (17.8)

21

53.51 (6.9)

9.22**

3.12ns

Bound cal

37

59.0 (16.2)

19

32.0 (6.7)

1.61ns

0.23ns

Norsalsolinol

      

Free

41

553.30 (68.0)

24

121.50 (21.7)

22.64***

25.73***

Total

42

1107.89 (123.7)

22

253.09 (53.37)

23.63***

29.84***

Bound cal

39

599.4 (68.3)

17

195.1 (53.9)

13.58***

20.78***

N-methyl-Norsalsolinol

      

Free

42

9.06 (1.6)

24

0.94 (0.7)

77.07***

12.28***

Total

42

33.76 (7.1)

24

10.64 (4.3)

5.38*

6.56*

Bound cal

38

27.3 (6.5)

13

17.9 (6.0)

0.63ns

1.88ns

  1. a) covariates: age, medication (yes/no), co-existing psychiatric problems (yes/no); no effect of covariates except 'medication status' (F = 11.53; df = 1; p < .001) and 'co-existing psychiatric problems' (F = 7.80; df = 1; p < .01) for N-methyl-salsolinolfree
  2. * p < 0.5; ** p < 0.01;*** p < 0.001; ns = not significant