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Table 1 Soft signs deviations; differences between groups including and excluding BP-NOS

From: Motor function may differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from early onset bipolar disorder

Mean soft sign deviations below the 15th percentile#

A;n = 26

n (%)

AB;n = 15

n (%)

B;n = 23

n (%)

ABx;n = 5

n (%)

Bx;n = 16

n (%)

A vs B [A vs Bx] test value, p #

AB vs B [ABx vs Bx] test value, p #

A vs AB [A vs ABx] test value, p #

Total

22 (85%)

11 (73%)

4 (17%)

5 (100%)

3 (19%)

19.53***

[17.84***]

9.67***

[7.50***]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Jump one leg

16 (62%)

6 (40%)

5 (22%)

0 (0%)

3 (19%)

6.35**

[5.70** ]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[Fisher** ]

Fingertip touch

5 (19%)

2 (13%)

3 (13%)

1 (20%)

2 (13%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Oculomotor

8 (31%)

2 (13%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fisher **

[Fisher**]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Arms forward

5 (19%)

4 (27%)

1 (4%)

1 (20%

0 (0%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Walk heel-toe

7 (27%)

6 (40%)

4 (17%)

2 (40%)

2 (13%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Speech

5 (19%)

3 (20%)

2 (9%)

1 (20%)

1 (6%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Stand one leg

14 (54%)

7 (47%)

7 (30%)

3 (20%)

4 (25%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Diadochokinesis

12 (46%)

5 (33%)

4 (17%)

1 (20%)

4 (25%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Cutting circle

3 (13%)

4 27%)

1 (4%)

1 (20%)

1 (6%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Fog's test

14 (54%)

7 (46%)

7 (30%)

3 (60%)

6 (38%)

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

Finger opposition

22 (85%)

12 (80%)

8 (35%)

3 (60%)

7 (45%)

10.75***

[5.95**]

5.74**

[n.s.]

n.s.

[n.s.]

  1. A = ADHD-C, B = BD, AB = A+BD, Bx = BD excluding BP-NOS, ABx = A+Bx. # Two-tailed Chi square/Fisher, df = 1, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.03, *p < 0.05, n.s. = nonsignificant. #Number and percentage refers to those with performance inferior to 85% of the normally developing children.