Impaired verbal memory in Parkinson disease: relationship to prefrontal dysfunction and somatosensory discrimination

Table 2 Neurocognitive profile of PD patients and normal controls

Test	Patients^#	Controls	p^§	Cognitive function
Executive functions
Stroop effect (III-II)	11.4 ± 5.0	10.1 ± 3.4	0.27	Set maintenance, response inhibition, interference
Stroop errors	2.2 ± 1.8	0.7 ± 0.9	0.09	Response inhibition
Verbal fluency	27 ± 8.6	28.3 ± 9.2	0.59	Set maintenance, response inhibition, verbal concept production
Figural fluency	26 ± 9.8	30.6 ± 5.9	0.35	Set maintenance, response inhibition, figural concept production
Rey complex figure copy	17.6 ± 1.0	17.6 ± 1.2	1.00	Visuo-constructive (planning)
Rey complex figure recall	8.1 ± 4.3	11.3 ± 3.4	0.1	Visuo-constructive (planning), figural memory (active)
*Verbal memory
Verbal learning (mean sum trial I-III)	19.3 ± 3.7	24.1 ± 2.6	0.002	Encoding
Immediate memory span (first trial)	5.4 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 1.2	0.1	Working memory
Delayed verbal free recall	4.6 ± 2.9	7.5 ± 1.4	0.008	Episodic memory (active)
Verbal recognition	9.2 ± 0.9	9.9 ± 0.3	0.08	Episodic memory (passive)
⁺ Spatial memory
Figural learning (mean total)	16.8 ± 5.0	20.1 ± 4.9	0.13	Encoding
Immediate memory span (first trial)	3.8 ± 1.8	5.7 ± 1.7	0.09	Visuo-spatial working memory
Delayed figural free recall	6.2 ± 1.6	7.4 ± 2.0	0.18	Episodic memory (active)
Figure recognition	7.1 ± 2.9	9.0 ± 1.0	0.13	Episodic memory (passive)

^#Scores are indicated as mean ± SD. ^§, Mann-Whitney-U, two-tailed. * RAVLT, modified Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, ⁺RVDLT, modified Rey Visual Design Learning Test

ISSN: 1744-9081