Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and glial integrity: S100B, cytokines and kynurenine metabolism - effects of medication

Table 1 Characteristics of the subject groups (means with standard deviations, SD, and range of values) and the serum concentrations of S100B (pg/ml)

	N	Gender m/f	Age years	IQ	BMI	Allergy severity	SES F-c	S100B (pg/ml)
ADHD	21	14/7	8.84	95.8	16.5	0.86	4.3	93.89
SD			(1.4)	(10.7)	(2.4)	(1.2)	(2.2)^#	(17.63)^#
Range			6.6-11.7	82-124	13.9-24.8	0-3 Np8 Nc1	1-7	70-152
CON	21	20/1	11.0	114.1	17.9	0.76	3.5	97.21
SD			(1.5)	(14.4)	(3.1)	(0.9)	(2.1)	(31.38)^#
Range			7.7-13.4	92-141	13.5-24.9	0-3 Np11 Nc 1	1-7	55-156
ADHDmed	14	12/2	12.6	106.7	20.5	0.29	4.1	84.08
SD			(2.1)	(12.4)	(4.6)	(0.7)	(1.9)	(26.67)
Range			7.9-15.5	92-134	14.2-32	0-2 Np2 Nc 0	2-6	35-127
SIBS	7	4/3	11.7	108.1	18.5	0	4.4	96.86
SD			(2.1)	(14.0)	(2.5)	(0)	(2.0)	(34.01)
Range			9.0-14.4	87-134	15.6-23.1	0 Np0 Nc0	2-6	59-153

ADHD, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (combined type); CON, healthy controls; ADHDmed, replication group of children with ADHD (medicated), SIBS, siblings without medication; BMI, body-mass index; SES, current socio-economic status of the father (F-c: scale 1-7 for professions:[100]), # N = 19. Allergy severity refers to past and current experience (scale 0-3) affecting Np individuals in the past (>12 months) or Nc individuals currently. There were more females in the ADHD and SIB groups (p < 0.05). The ADHD group was younger and had a lower IQ than the other 3 groups (Scheffe p < 0.007) but did not differ significantly on BMI, allergy or SES.
S100B levels omit as outlier values one CON (248 pg/ml) and one ADHDmed measure (385 pg/ml) which were > 3 SD above the mean.

ISSN: 1744-9081