Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and glial integrity: an exploration of associations of cytokines and kynurenine metabolites with symptoms and attention

Table 2 Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scale Assessments (CPRS/CTRS) of ADHD Symptoms (means and standard errors)

	ADHD	(N = 20) sem	CON	(N = 21) sem	ADHDmed	(N = 14) sem
CPRS
Opposition	71.4	2.1	51.7**	2.1	71.5	2.6
Anxiety	56.3	2.3	51.1^#	2.3	58.2	2.9
DSM-IA	72.1	2.2	47.8**	2.2	69.3	2.8
DSM-HI	78.4	1.9	48.1**	1.8	72.8	2.3
DSM-sum	76.4	1.8	48.0**	1.7	72.6	2.2
CTRS
opposition	63.3	2.5	50.8	2.4	56.0	3.1
Anxiety	60.3	2.8	54.8	2.6	62.3	3.4
DSM-IA	65.8	2.5	48.6*	2.3	59.9	3.0
DSM-HI	67.7	2.5	48.4*	2.3	51.5	3.0
DSM-sum	68.1	2.3	48.5*	2.2	57.0	2.9

For all subscales (except anxiety) the ADHD groups scored higher than children without a diagnosis (independent of 4 covariates): IA, inattention; HI, hyperactivity-impulsivity: # F(2,49) = 2.7 p = 0.077, η² = 0.099; * F(2,49) = 7-11, p < 0.002 η² = 0.23-0.32; ** F(2,49) = 34-74, p < 0.000, η² = 0.49-0.69;

ISSN: 1744-9081