|
Russian
|
German
|
---|
Skills
|
Switcher
|
Non-Switcher
|
Switcher
|
Non-Switcher
|
speaking | 3.5 (.5) | 3.4 (.7) | 3.2 (.8) | 3.5 (.5) |
reading | 3.9 (.4) | 3.5 (.7) | 3.4 (.7) | 3.8 (.4)* |
writing | 3.3 (.8) | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.7 (.9) | 3.6 (.5) ** |
comprehension | 3.9 (.4) | 3.7 (.5) | 3.5 (.5) | 3.8 (.4) |
- Participants of both groups provided self-ratings for 4 language skills in both languages on a 4-point scale (1 = poor, 2 = moderate, 3 = good, 4 = perfect). Means and standard deviation (SD) are reported. Significant differences between groups are indicated by an asterisk with * = p < .05 and ** = p < .01.