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Table 1 Self-ratings of language skills in both languages

From: Individual differences in control of language interference in late bilinguals are mainly related to general executive abilities

 

Russian

German

Skills

Switcher

Non-Switcher

Switcher

Non-Switcher

speaking

3.5 (.5)

3.4 (.7)

3.2 (.8)

3.5 (.5)

reading

3.9 (.4)

3.5 (.7)

3.4 (.7)

3.8 (.4)*

writing

3.3 (.8)

2.9 (1.1)

2.7 (.9)

3.6 (.5) **

comprehension

3.9 (.4)

3.7 (.5)

3.5 (.5)

3.8 (.4)

  1. Participants of both groups provided self-ratings for 4 language skills in both languages on a 4-point scale (1 = poor, 2 = moderate, 3 = good, 4 = perfect). Means and standard deviation (SD) are reported. Significant differences between groups are indicated by an asterisk with * = p < .05 and ** = p < .01.