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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the subjects

From: Relationship of tooth loss to mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment: findings from the fujiwara-kyo study

Variables

Control

n = 3696

MMI

n = 121

Low MMSE score

n = 214

Control vs.

MMI

P value*

Control vs. Low MMSE score

P value*

MMSE-total

28.0 (26.0, 30.0)

26.0 (25.0, 27.0)

23.0 (22.0, 23.0)

<0.001

<0.001

Depressive symptoms

     

   GDS 6 or more

14.4%

--†

23.8%

--†

<0.001

Age (y)

71.0 (68.0, 75.0)

74.0 (71.0, 79.0)

74.0 (71.0, 78.0)

<0.001

<0.001

Female

51.7%

31.4%

42.5%

<0.001

0.009

Length of education

     

   Less than 12 years

26.6%

37.2%

63.6%

0.012

<0.001

Oral health

     

   Number of remaining teeth

21.0 (11.0, 26.0)

16.0 (4.0, 25.0)

12.5 (1.8, 22.0)

0.001

<0.001

   CPI

     

Ineligible‡

13.2%

23.1%

27.6%

  

Code 0, 1, or 2

26.3%

18.1%

19.1%

  

Code 3

38.3%

31.4%

34.1%

0.082

0.577

Code 4

22.2%

27.3%

19.2%

  

Drinking habits

     

   At least 1 day a weak

38.1%

51.2%

38.3%

0.004

0.961

   Ethanol intake 40 g or more per day

28.9%

25.5%

24.2%

0.752

0.473

Smoking habit

     

   Never

59.0%

42.9%

54.2%

  

   Ex-smoker

31.8%

47.9%

29.9%

<0.001

<0.001

   Current smoker

9.2%

9.1%

15.9%

  

Time spent walking every day on average

     

   Less than 30 minutes

8.0%

9.9%

13.1%

0.396

0.014

Positive history of disease

     

   Cancer

9.1%

14.9%

10.7%

0.037

0.394

   Cerebrovascular disease

5.7%

9.1%

6.5%

0.117

0.650

   Myocardial infarction

2.6%

2.5%

2.3%

0.936

0.815

   Diabetes mellitus

10.8%

13.2%

15.4%

0.375

0.043

   Hypertension

39.1%

38.8%

41.6%

0.960

0.472

Medical examination

     

   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

142 (129, 155)

146 (128, 159)

145 (132, 159)

0.350

0.080

   Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76 (68, 83)

75 (66, 84)

75 (66, 83)

0.256

0.121

   Body mass index

22.8 (20.9, 24.7)

22.9 (20.8, 24.6)

22.9 (20.8, 25.6)

0.761

0.581

   Serum albumin (g/dL)

4.5 (4.4, 4.7)

4.5 (4.3, 4.6)

4.6 (4.3, 4.7)

0.002

0.758

   Hemogrobin A1c (%)

5.1 (4.9, 5.5)

5.1 (4.8, 5.5)

5.2 (4.9, 5.5)

0.484

0.978

   Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

215.0 (193.0, 237.0)

205.5 (186.0, 228.0)

202.5 (181.8, 232.3)

0.011

<0.001

   Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

126.0 (107.0, 147.0)

123.0 (102.0, 140.5)

120.0 (98.8, 139.3)

0.065

0.003

  1. Data are given as % or median (25th percentile,75th percentile).
  2. MMI: Mild Memory Impairment, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, CPI: Community Periodontal Index.
  3. *The chi-square test or Mann-Whitney test was performed.
  4. †The subjects whose GDS score were "6 or more" were excluded from the MMI group.
  5. ‡Subjects in whom none of the six fractions could be evaluated because of the low number of remaining teeth.