Variables | Control n = 3696 | MMI n = 121 | Low MMSE score n = 214 | Control vs. MMI P value* | Control vs. Low MMSE score P value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMSE-total | 28.0 (26.0, 30.0) | 26.0 (25.0, 27.0) | 23.0 (22.0, 23.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Depressive symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   GDS 6 or more | 14.4% | --†| 23.8% | --†| <0.001 |
Age (y) | 71.0 (68.0, 75.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 79.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Female | 51.7% | 31.4% | 42.5% | <0.001 | 0.009 |
Length of education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than 12 years | 26.6% | 37.2% | 63.6% | 0.012 | <0.001 |
Oral health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Number of remaining teeth | 21.0 (11.0, 26.0) | 16.0 (4.0, 25.0) | 12.5 (1.8, 22.0) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
   CPI |  |  |  |  |  |
Ineligible‡ | 13.2% | 23.1% | 27.6% |  |  |
Code 0, 1, or 2 | 26.3% | 18.1% | 19.1% | Â | Â |
Code 3 | 38.3% | 31.4% | 34.1% | 0.082 | 0.577 |
Code 4 | 22.2% | 27.3% | 19.2% | Â | Â |
Drinking habits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   At least 1 day a weak | 38.1% | 51.2% | 38.3% | 0.004 | 0.961 |
   Ethanol intake 40 g or more per day | 28.9% | 25.5% | 24.2% | 0.752 | 0.473 |
Smoking habit | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 59.0% | 42.9% | 54.2% |  |  |
   Ex-smoker | 31.8% | 47.9% | 29.9% | <0.001 | <0.001 |
   Current smoker | 9.2% | 9.1% | 15.9% |  |  |
Time spent walking every day on average | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than 30 minutes | 8.0% | 9.9% | 13.1% | 0.396 | 0.014 |
Positive history of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cancer | 9.1% | 14.9% | 10.7% | 0.037 | 0.394 |
   Cerebrovascular disease | 5.7% | 9.1% | 6.5% | 0.117 | 0.650 |
   Myocardial infarction | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 0.936 | 0.815 |
   Diabetes mellitus | 10.8% | 13.2% | 15.4% | 0.375 | 0.043 |
   Hypertension | 39.1% | 38.8% | 41.6% | 0.960 | 0.472 |
Medical examination | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 142 (129, 155) | 146 (128, 159) | 145 (132, 159) | 0.350 | 0.080 |
   Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (68, 83) | 75 (66, 84) | 75 (66, 83) | 0.256 | 0.121 |
   Body mass index | 22.8 (20.9, 24.7) | 22.9 (20.8, 24.6) | 22.9 (20.8, 25.6) | 0.761 | 0.581 |
   Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.5 (4.3, 4.6) | 4.6 (4.3, 4.7) | 0.002 | 0.758 |
   Hemogrobin A1c (%) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.5) | 5.1 (4.8, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.5) | 0.484 | 0.978 |
   Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 215.0 (193.0, 237.0) | 205.5 (186.0, 228.0) | 202.5 (181.8, 232.3) | 0.011 | <0.001 |
   Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 126.0 (107.0, 147.0) | 123.0 (102.0, 140.5) | 120.0 (98.8, 139.3) | 0.065 | 0.003 |