From: How does a surgeon’s brain buzz? An EEG coherence study on the interaction between humans and robot
A. | BASELINE | LAPAROSCOPY | ROBOTIC SURGERY | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1° PEAK | 2° PEAK | 1° PEAK | 2° PEAK | 1° PEAK | 2° PEAK | |
Frequency (Hz) | ||||||
SMA versus: | ||||||
M1 | 8.4 ± 0.5 | 7.8 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 0.7 |
S1 | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.7 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 12.3 ± 1.2 | 13.1 ± 1.4 |
Pre-SMA versus: | ||||||
M1 | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 13.5 ± 1.8 | 12.6 ± 1.3 |
S1 | 9.1 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 15.8 ± 2.0 | 14.6 ± 1.4 |
M1 versus S1 | 8.5 ± 0.8 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 8.9 ± 1.0 | 8.2 ± 0.8 |
M1 versus V1 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 8.4 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.6 |
B . | 1° PEAK | 2° PEAK | ||||
pre-SMA versus contralateral M1: | ||||||
Baseline | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | ||||
Laparoscopy | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | ||||
Robotic surgery | 14.5 ± 1.3 | 15.9 ± 1.8 | ||||
pre-SMA versus contralateral S1: | ||||||
Baseline | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.8 | ||||
Laparoscopy | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | ||||
Robotic surgery | 14.1 ± 1.0 | 14.5 ± 1.3 |