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Table 1 Frequency (expressed in Hz) of the first and second coherence peak (± 1 SD) both for inter- (A) and intra-hemispheric (B) comparisons

From: How does a surgeon’s brain buzz? An EEG coherence study on the interaction between humans and robot

A.

BASELINE

LAPAROSCOPY

ROBOTIC SURGERY

 

1° PEAK

2° PEAK

1° PEAK

2° PEAK

1° PEAK

2° PEAK

Frequency (Hz)

      

SMA versus:

      

M1

8.4 ± 0.5

7.8 ± 0.6

7.2 ± 0.5

7.5 ± 0.4

9.3 ± 1.0

8.5 ± 0.7

S1

7.9 ± 0.6

8.0 ± 0.7

8.0 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.3

12.3 ± 1.2

13.1 ± 1.4

Pre-SMA versus:

      

M1

8.4 ± 0.4

8.7 ± 0.7

7.6 ± 0.3

7.9 ± 0.2

13.5 ± 1.8

12.6 ± 1.3

S1

9.1 ± 0.3

8.9 ± 0.5

9.5 ± 0.1

7.9 ± 0.3

15.8 ± 2.0

14.6 ± 1.4

M1 versus S1

8.5 ± 0.8

8.0 ± 0.6

7.9 ± 0.2

7.5 ± 0.4

8.9 ± 1.0

8.2 ± 0.8

M1 versus V1

9.8 ± 0.9

8.4 ± 0.6

7.2 ± 0.4

7.8 ± 0.3

8.4 ± 0.5

8.7 ± 0.6

B .

1° PEAK

2° PEAK

pre-SMA versus contralateral M1:

  

Baseline

9.3 ± 0.5

9.4 ± 0.4

Laparoscopy

9.0 ± 0.3

9.5 ± 0.1

Robotic surgery

14.5 ± 1.3

15.9 ± 1.8

pre-SMA versus contralateral S1:

  

Baseline

7.7 ± 0.5

8.9 ± 0.8

Laparoscopy

7.0 ± 0.2

8.1 ± 0.3

Robotic surgery

14.1 ± 1.0

14.5 ± 1.3

  1. As concerns interhemispheric recordings, here we reported only the comparisons between pre-SMA and contralateral M1 or S1 area. Note the predominance of upper alpha and beta frequency during the execution of the motor task with the robotic device.