Table 1 Exploring time of rats ( \( \overline{x}\pm s \) , n  = 9)

Sham

112.46 ± 16.14

72.33 ± 15.20^aa

42.48 ± 3.50^b

23.25 ± 2.30^c

18.78 ± 2.70^d

I/R

166.79 ± 23.7^**

129.05 ± 8.3^**a

77.53 ± 2.3^**bb

65.73 ± 8.3^**c

42.48 ± 3.50^**d

I/R-caffeic acid (10 mg · kg⁻¹)

164.22 ± 19.6

94.16 ± 25.45^#aa

53.95 ± 5.3^#bb

45.35 ± 5.3^#c

26.04 ± 3.19^##d

I/R-caffeic acid (30 mg · kg⁻¹)

148.84 ± 17.6^#

89.11 ± 9.88^#aa

46.71 ± 6.5^#bb

31.88 ± 3.9^##cc

23.70 ± 1.49^##

I/R-caffeic acid (50 mg · kg⁻¹)

126.48 ± 3.26^#

70.99 ± 9.63^##aa

43.95 ± 4.1^##b

25.01 ± 0.4^##cc

20.23 ± 8.85^##