Figure 1

Reinforcement effects on cognition, moderated by diagnostic group, baseline cognition, and sensitivity to reward. Participants completed tasks of inhibitory control (Stop Signal Task), working memory (n-back), and attention (Continuous Performance Task) at baseline (visit 1) and again one week later under alternating reinforcement and no-reinforcement conditions (visit 2). Cognition composites are the average of standardized performance on the three cognitive tasks. The top panel represents the effects of reinforcement on cognition for ADHD and control children. The middle panel represents the effects of reinforcement on cognition across low, average, and high levels of baseline cognition. The bottom panel represents the effects of reinforcement on cognition across low, average, and high levels of Sensitivity to Reward (standardized composite of parent-reported SR and child-reported BAS).