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Table 4 Spearman’s correlations for ADHD symptom scores and serum variables, adjusted for cotinine and age

From: Serum concentrations of kynurenines in adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a case–control study

  

Trp

Kyn

KTR

HK

KA

XA

AA

HAA

QA

Vit. B2

Vit. B6

All

           

 N = 248

ASRS total score

−0.15*

−0.14*

0.04

0.04

−0.08

0.01

0.04

−0.05

−0.04

−0.13*

−0.06

 N = 250

ASRS inattentive

−0.15*

−0.13*

0.06

0.02

−0.08

−0.01

0.06

−0.03

−0.01

−0.06

−0.03

 N = 251

ASRS hyperactive/impulsive

−0.14*

−0.16*

0.02

0.03

−0.09

0.01

0.02

−0.07

−0.07

−0.17*

−0.05

 N = 243

WURS total score

−0.18*

−0.15*

0.03

−0.01

−0.14*

−0.08

0.05

−0.08

−0.05

−0.09

−0.01

ADHD

 N = 121

ASRS total score

−0.20*

−0.16

0.07

0.11

−0.05

0.01

0.05

−0.01

−0.14

−0.17

−0.22*

 N = 122

ASRS inattentive

−0.20*

−0.16

0.08

0.11

−0.03

0.06

0.02

0.07

−0.08

−0.09

−0.19*

 N = 123

ASRS hyperactive/impulsive

−0.17

−0.14

0.03

0.09

−0.03

−0.02

0.06

−0.05

−0.12

−0.17

−0.14

 N = 115

WURS total score

−0.27*

−0.13

0.13

−0.08

−0.18

−0.16

0.15

−0.09

−0.16

0.05

−0.04

Control

 N = 127

ASRS total score

−0.05

−0.11

0.03

−0.11

−0.12

0.01

−0.05

−0.07

−0.10

−0.14

−0.04

 N = 128

ASRS inattentive

0.01

−0.02

0.03

−0.13

−0.10

−0.04

0.02

−0.01

−0.01

−0.07

0.03

 N = 128

ASRS hyperactive/impulsive

−0.10

−0.19*

−0.01

−0.09

−0.13

0.05

−0.12

−0.10

−0.17

−0.19*

−0.08

 N = 128

WURS total score

−0.14

−0.14

0.03

−0.07

−0.11

−0.07

−0.07

−0.06

−0.08

−0.11

−0.01

  1. The 18-item ASRS (Adult ADHD Self-report Scale) is used to assess current ADHD symptom burden, with nine questions specific to hyperactivity/impulsivity and nine questions specific to inattentiveness. WURS (Wender Utah Rating Scale) consists of 25 items for retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptom burden. Significance: <0.05 ‘*’
  2. Trp tryptophan, Kyn kynurenine, KTR kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, HK 3-hydroxykynurenine, KA kynurenic acid, XA xanthurenic acid, AA anthranilic acid, HAA 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, QA quinolinic acid, Cot cotinine