Fig. 2

Conjoint structural and functional effects. Structural alterations (nonsmokers > smokers) overlapped with acute drug-induced activity decreases (baseline > drug) in the insula and ventromedial PFC (green a, b). Structural alterations (nonsmokers > smokers) overlapped with acute drug-induced activity increases (drug > baseline) in the mediodorsal thalamus (orange c). Lettering corresponds to coordinates listed in Table 2. See Additional file 1: Figures S2 and S3 for visualization of overlapping and non-overlapping regions from the structural and functional meta-analyses