Articles

Individual differences in solving arithmetic word problems

With the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study at 3 T, we investigated the neural correlates of visualization and verbalization during arithmetic word problem solving. In the domain of ari...

Authors: Sabrina Zarnhofer, Verena Braunstein, Franz Ebner, Karl Koschutnig, Christa Neuper, Manuel Ninaus, Gernot Reishofer and Anja Ischebeck

Effects of ziprasidone and olanzapine on body composition and metabolic parameters: an open-label comparative pilot study

In contrast to olanzapine, ziprasidone has been reported to cause minimal or no weight gain. This study aimed to compare the effects of ziprasidone and olanzapine on weight, body composition, appetite, resting...

Authors: Subin Park, Ki Kyoung Yi, Min-Seon Kim and Jin Pyo Hong

Individual differences in non-symbolic numerical abilities predict mathematical achievements but contradict ATOM

A significant debate surrounds the nature of the cognitive mechanisms involved in non-symbolic number estimation. Several studies have suggested the existence of the same cognitive system for estimation of tim...

Authors: Christian Agrillo, Laura Piffer and Andrea Adriano

Long-term ω-3 fatty acid supplementation induces anti-stress effects and improves learning in rats

Chronic stress leads to secretion of the adrenal steroid hormone corticosterone, inducing hippocampal atrophy and dendritic hypertrophy in the rat amygdala. Both alterations have been correlated with memory im...

Authors: Miguel Á Pérez, Gonzalo Terreros and Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre

Fatigue sensation induced by the sounds associated with mental fatigue and its related neural activities: revealed by magnetoencephalography

It has been proposed that an inappropriately conditioned fatigue sensation could be one cause of chronic fatigue. Although classical conditioning of the fatigue sensation has been reported in rats, there have ...

Authors: Akira Ishii, Masaaki Tanaka, Masayoshi Iwamae, Chongsoo Kim, Emi Yamano and Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Effects of painful stimulation and acupuncture on attention networks in healthy subjects

Pain is a subjective sensory and emotional experience, and it has been reported that many different brain regions are regulated by pain, and that pain can impact attention. Acupuncture is an important treatmen...

Authors: Gang Liu, Hui-juan Ma, Pan-pan Hu, Yang-hua Tian, Shen Hu, Jin Fan and Kai Wang

Alleviation of chronic neuropathic pain by environmental enrichment in mice well after the establishment of chronic pain

In animal models, the impact of social and environmental manipulations on chronic pain have been investigated in short term studies where enrichment was implemented prior to or concurrently with the injury. Th...

Authors: Pascal Vachon, Magali Millecamps, Lucie Low, Scott J Thompsosn, Floriane Pailleux, Francis Beaudry, Catherine M Bushnell and Laura S Stone

Reduced brain activation during imitation and observation of others in children with pervasive developmental disorder: a pilot study

Children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are thought to have poor imitation abilities. Recently, this characteristic has been suggested to reflect impairments in mirror neuron systems (MNS). We use...

Authors: Aiko Kajiume, Shiori Aoyama-Setoyama, Yuri Saito-Hori, Nobutsune Ishikawa and Masao Kobayashi

Behavioral phenotype in five individuals with de novo mutations within the GRIN2B gene

Intellectual disability (ID) is often associated with behavioral problems or disorders. Mutations in the GRIN2B gene (MRD6, MIM613970) have been identified as a common cause of ID (prevalence of 0.5 – 1% in indiv...

Authors: Inga Freunscht, Bernt Popp, Rainer Blank, Sabine Endele, Ute Moog, Holger Petri, Eva-Christina Prott, Andre Reis, Jochen Rübo, Bernhard Zabel, Martin Zenker, Johannes Hebebrand and Dagmar Wieczorek

P268S in NOD2 associates with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease in Chinese population

The cause of almost all cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unknown. Recent years have seen an explosion in the rate of discovery of genetic defects linked to PD. Different racial and geographical popula...

Authors: Qilin Ma, Xingkai An, Zhiming Li, Huanjing Zhang, Wenqing Huang, Liangliang Cai, Peng Hu, Qing Lin and Chi-Meng Tzeng

Motor regulation problems and pain in adults diagnosed with ADHD

Most children who are diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have moderate-to-severe motor problems using the Motor Function Neurological Assessment battery (MFNU). The MFNU focuses on ...

Authors: Liv Larsen Stray, Øistein Kristensen, Martha Lomeland, Mette Skorstad, Torstein Stray and Finn Egil Tønnessen

Baclofen into the lateral parabrachial nucleus induces hypertonic sodium chloride intake during cell dehydration

Activation of GABA_B receptors with baclofen into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) induces ingestion of water and 0.3 M NaCl in fluid replete rats. However, up to now, no study has investigated the effects ...

Authors: Everton H Kimura, Lisandra B De Oliveira, José V Menani and João C Callera

GPA-14, a Gα_i subunit mediates dopaminergic behavioral plasticity in C. elegans

Precise levels of specific neurotransmitters are required for appropriate neuronal functioning. The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in modulating behaviors, such as cognition, reward and memory. In the...

Authors: Mahlet Mersha, Rosaria Formisano, Rochelle McDonald, Pratima Pandey, Nektarios Tavernarakis and Singh Harbinder

Deficit of theory of mind after temporal lobe cerebral infarction

Previous studies have indicated that the temporal lobe is involved in theory of mind (ToM). However, little attention has been paid to ToM in patients with cerebral infarction. In this study, we investigated t...

Authors: Chunhua Xi, Youling Zhu, Chunyan Zhu, Daohui Song, Yongguang Wang and Kai Wang

How does a surgeon’s brain buzz? An EEG coherence study on the interaction between humans and robot

In humans, both primary and non-primary motor areas are involved in the control of voluntary movements. However, the dynamics of functional coupling among different motor areas have not been fully clarified ye...

Authors: Tommaso Bocci, Carlo Moretto, Silvia Tognazzi, Lucia Briscese, Megi Naraci, Letizia Leocani, Franco Mosca, Mauro Ferrari and Ferdinando Sartucci

The role of autophagy in Parkinson's disease: rotenone-based modeling

Autophagy-mediated self-digestion of cytoplasmic inclusions may be protective against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, excessive autophagic activation evokes autophagic pro...

Authors: Nian Xiong, Jing Xiong, Min Jia, Ling Liu, Xiaowei Zhang, Zhenzhen Chen, Jinsha Huang, Zhentao Zhang, Lingling Hou, Zhijian Luo, Devina Ghoorah, Zhicheng Lin and Tao Wang

Association of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism with age at onset, general psychopathology symptoms, and therapeutic effect of schizophrenia

Estrogen is believed to play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS) and exert a protective role against schizophrenia. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) mediates the biological action of estrogen. ...

Authors: Shuai Wang, Wenqiang Li, Jingyuan Zhao, Hongxing Zhang, Yongfeng Yang, Xiujuan Wang, Ge Yang and Luxian Lv

Reduced orbitofrontal cortical thickness in male adolescents with internet addiction

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has consistently been implicated in the pathology of both drug and behavioral addictions. However, no study to date has examined OFC thickness in internet addiction. In the curre...

Authors: Soon-Beom Hong, Jae-Won Kim, Eun-Jung Choi, Ho-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Eun Suh, Chang-Dai Kim, Paul Klauser, Sarah Whittle, Murat Yűcel, Christos Pantelis and Soon-Hyung Yi

Signatures of movement variability anticipate hand speed according to levels of intent

Complex movement sequences are composed of segments with different levels of functionality: intended segments towards a goal and segments that spontaneously occur largely beneath our awareness. It is not known...

Authors: Elizabeth B Torres

Investigation of rare variants in LRP1, KPNA1, ALS2CL and ZNF480 genes in schizophrenia patients reflects genetic heterogeneity of the disease

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease characterized by a high heritability and a complex genetic architecture. Recent reports based on exome sequencing analyses have highlighted a significant increase ...

Authors: Loubna Jouan, Simon L Girard, Sylvia Dobrzeniecka, Amirthagowri Ambalavanan, Marie-Odile Krebs, Ridha Joober, Julie Gauthier, Patrick A Dion and Guy A Rouleau

Coupling movement with imagery as a new perspective for motor imagery practice

Recent data support the beneficial role of gesturing during mental practice. The present study examined whether coupling motor imagery (MI) with some movement sequences (dynamic imagery condition) impacted mot...

Authors: Aymeric Guillot, Kevin Moschberger and Christian Collet

A boy with homozygous microdeletion of NEUROG1 presents with a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder [Moebius syndrome variant]

We report on a 6-year-old Turkish boy with profound sensorineural deafness, balance disorder, severe disorder of oral motor function, and mild developmental delay. Further findings included scaphocephaly, plag...

Authors: Julia C Schröder, Anne K Läßig, Danuta Galetzka, Angelika Peters, John C Castle, Stefan Diederich, Ulrich Zechner, Wibke Müller-Forell, Annerose Keilmann and Oliver Bartsch

Involvement of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to tic disorder in Chinese Han population

Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is a potential candidate gene for screening tic disorder (TD).

Authors: Ping Zheng, Erzhen Li, Jianhua Wang, Xiaodai Cui and Liwen Wang

Object-based neglect in number processing

Recent evidence suggests that neglect patients seem to have particular problems representing relatively smaller numbers corresponding to the left part of the mental number line. However, while this indicates s...

Authors: Elise Klein, Korbinian Moeller, Daniela Zinsberger, Harald Zauner, Guilherme Wood, Klaus Willmes, Christine Haider, Alfred Gassner and Hans-Christoph Nuerk

Performance of conventional pigs and Göttingen miniature pigs in a spatial holeboard task: effects of the putative muscarinic cognition impairer Biperiden

The pig is emerging as a model species that bridges the gap between rodents and humans in research. In particular, the miniature pig (referred to hereafter as the minipig) is increasingly being used as non-rod...

Authors: Elise Gieling, Welmoed Wehkamp, Remco Willigenburg, Rebecca E Nordquist, Niels-Christian Ganderup and Franz Josef van der Staay

Individual differences in behavioural inhibition explain free riding in public good games when punishment is expected but not implemented

The literature on social dilemmas and punishment focuses on the behaviour of the punisher. However, to fully explain the effect of punishment on cooperation, it is important to understand the psychological mec...

Authors: Anya Skatova and Eamonn Ferguson

Two types of mental fatigue affect spontaneous oscillatory brain activities in different ways

Fatigue has a multi-factorial nature. We examined the effects of two types of mental fatigue on spontaneous oscillatory brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Authors: Yoshihito Shigihara, Masaaki Tanaka, Akira Ishii, Etsuko Kanai, Masami Funakura and Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Association between the GRM7 rs3792452 polymorphism and attention deficit hyperacitiveity disorder in a Korean sample

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the ionotropic and glutamate receptors, N-methyl D-asparate 2A (GRIN2A) and 2B (GRIN2B), and the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 (GRM...

Authors: Subin Park, Sun-Woo Jung, Boong-Nyun Kim, Soo-Churl Cho, Min-Sup Shin, Jae-Won Kim, Hee Jeong Yoo, Dae-Yeon Cho, Un-Sun Chung, Jung-Woo Son and Hyo-Won Kim

Apathy symptoms modulate motivational decision making on the Iowa gambling task

The present study represents an initial attempt to assess the role of apathy in motivated decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. Clinical descriptions of patients with apathy highlight deficits in the cogn...

Authors: Progress Njomboro, Shoumitro Deb and Glyn W Humphreys

Genetic association between APOE*4 and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease is dependent on the psychosis phenotype

Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis are prevalent in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Because these disabling symptoms are gene...

Authors: Drew Christie, Jane Shofer, Steven P Millard, Ellen Li, Mary Ann DeMichele-Sweet, Elise A Weamer, M Ilyas Kamboh, Oscar L Lopez, Robert A Sweet and Debby Tsuang

GABAergic neuroactive steroids: a new frontier in bipolar disorders?

Neurosteroids are synthesized in the brain and modulate brain excitability. There is increasing evidence of their sedative, anesthetic and antiseizure properties, as well as their influence on mood. Currently ...

Authors: Mauro Giovanni Carta, Krishna M Bhat and Antonio Preti

Resting state EEG oscillatory power differences in ADHD college students and their peers

Among the most robust neural abnormalities differentiating individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from typically developing controls are elevated levels of slow oscillatory activity (...

Authors: Steven Woltering, Jessica Jung, Zhongxu Liu and Rosemary Tannock

Extinction learning deficit in a rodent model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Deficient operant extinction has been hypothesized to be constitutive of ADHD dysfunction. In order to elucidate the behavioral mechanisms underlying this deficit, the performance of an animal model of ADHD, t...

Authors: Ryan J Brackney, Timothy HC Cheung, Katrina Herbst, Jade C Hill and Federico Sanabria

Comparative study between bone marrow mononuclear fraction and mesenchymal stem cells treatment in sensorimotor recovery after focal cortical ablation in rats

Different models of cortical lesion lead to different effects on plasticity of connections and loss of function. In opposition to ischemia, cortical lesion made by ablation does not induce significant adaptive...

Authors: Helder Teixeira de Freitas, Viviane Gomes da Silva and Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães

Glucocerebrosidase L444P mutation confers genetic risk for Parkinson’s disease in central China

Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have reportedly been associated with Parkinson disease (PD) in various ethnic populations such as Singaporean, Japanese, Formosan, Canadian, American, Portuguese,...

Authors: Youpei Wang, Ling Liu, Jing Xiong, Xiaowei Zhang, Zhenzhen Chen, Lan Yu, Chunnuan Chen, Jinsha Huang, Zhentao Zhang, Asrah A Mohmed, Zhicheng Lin, Nian Xiong and Tao Wang

Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce sex-specific changes in reinforcer-controlled behaviour and neurotransmitter metabolism in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of ADHD

Previous reports suggest that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements may reduce ADHD-like behaviour. Our aim was to investigate potential effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in an animal ...

Authors: Kine S Dervola, Bjørg Å Roberg, Grete Wøien, Inger Lise Bogen, Torbjørn H Sandvik, Terje Sagvolden, Christian A Drevon, Espen Borgå Johansen and Sven Ivar Walaas

Symbolic and non symbolic numerical representation in adults with and without developmental dyscalculia

The question whether Developmental Dyscalculia (DD; a deficit in the ability to process numerical information) is the result of deficiencies in the non symbolic numerical representation system (e.g., a group o...

Authors: Tamar Furman and Orly Rubinsten

Immunization with DAT fragments is associated with long-term striatal impairment, hyperactivity and reduced cognitive flexibility in mice

Possible interactions between nervous and immune systems in neuro-psychiatric disorders remain elusive. Levels of brain dopamine transporter (DAT) have been implicated in several impulse-control disorders, lik...

Authors: Walter Adriani, Susanne Koot, Sandra Columba-Cabezas, Emilia Romano, Domenica Travaglini, Ruud van den Bos, Oleg Granstrem, Syed F Ali and Giovanni Laviola

Evaluating the contribution of shape attributes to recognition using the minimal transient discrete cue protocol

Subjects were tested for their ability to identify objects that were represented by an array of dots that marked the major contours, usually only the outer boundary. Each dot was briefly flashed to make its po...

Authors: Ernest Greene and R Todd Ogden

Fear conditioning-related changes in cerebellar Purkinje cell activities in goldfish

Fear conditioning-induced changes in cerebellar Purkinje cell responses to a conditioned stimulus have been reported in rabbits. It has been suggested that synaptic long-term potentiation and the resulting inc...

Authors: Masayuki Yoshida and Hiroki Kondo

Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy

Recent clinical studies revealed emotional and cognitive impairments associated with absence epilepsy. Preclinical research with genetic models of absence epilepsy however have primarily focused on dysfunction...

Authors: Ayşe Karson, Tijen Utkan, Fuat Balcı, Feyza Arıcıoğlu and Nurbay Ateş

Time perception at different EEG-vigilance levels

Human time perception is influenced by various factors such as attention and drowsiness. Nevertheless, the impact of cerebral vigilance fluctuations on temporal perception has not been sufficiently explored. W...

Authors: Juliane Minkwitz, Maja U Trenner, Christian Sander, Sebastian Olbrich, Abigail J Sheldrick, Ulrich Hegerl and Hubertus Himmerich

ERP differences between processing of physical characteristics and personality attributes

Limited data from behavioral and brain-imaging studies indicate that personality traits and physical characteristics are processed differently by the brain. Additionally, electrophysiological results of studie...

Authors: Fanchang Kong, Yan Zhang and Hong Chen

Effect of mental fatigue on the central nervous system: an electroencephalography study

Fatigue can be classified as mental and physical depending on its cause, and eachtype of fatigue has a multi-factorial nature. We examined the effect of mentalfatigue on the central nervous system using electr...

Authors: Masaaki Tanaka, Yoshihito Shigihara, Akira Ishii, Masami Funakura, Etsuko Kanai and Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Maternal behavior in transgenic mice with reduced fibroblast growth factor receptor function in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are necessary for the proper development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which are key activators of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gon...

Authors: Leah R Brooks, Carter Duyet V Le, Wilson C Chung and Pei-San Tsai

Why are psychiatric imaging methods clinically unreliable? Conclusions and practical guidelines for authors, editors and reviewers

No reliable anatomical or functional alterations have been confirmed in psychiatric neuroimaging; however it can become reliable with translational impact on clinical practice when considering crucial methodol...

Authors: Stefan Borgwardt, Joaquim Radua, Andrea Mechelli and Paolo Fusar-Poli

Mitochondrion-toxic drugs given to patients with mitochondrial psychoses

Authors: Josef Finsterer

Altered spontaneous activity in young chronic cigarette smokers revealed by regional homogeneity

Few studies have been previously published about the resting state brain activity in young chronic smokers, although many previous fMRI studies have shown that the task-related activity pattern is altered in c...

Authors: Jinsong Tang, Yanhui Liao, Qijian Deng, Tieqiao Liu, Xiaogang Chen, Xuyi Wang, Xiaojun Xiang, Hongxian Chen and Wei Hao

An anxiogenic drug, FG 7142, induced an increase in mRNA of Btg2 and Adamts1 in the hippocampus of adult mice

Anxiety and stress-related disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders. The hippocampus is a crucial brain area involved in the neural circuits of the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-relate...

Authors: Akeo Kurumaji and Toru Nishikawa

Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 genotype on N-acetylaspartate levels and neurocognition in non-smoking, active alcoholics

We studied the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene on brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentrations and executive function (EF) skills in non-s...

Authors: Yan Xia, Dongying Ma, Jian Hu, Chunling Tang, Zheng Wu, Lei Liu and Feng Xin