Articles

Apathy symptoms modulate motivational decision making on the Iowa gambling task

The present study represents an initial attempt to assess the role of apathy in motivated decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. Clinical descriptions of patients with apathy highlight deficits in the cogn...

Authors: Progress Njomboro, Shoumitro Deb and Glyn W Humphreys

GABAergic neuroactive steroids: a new frontier in bipolar disorders?

Neurosteroids are synthesized in the brain and modulate brain excitability. There is increasing evidence of their sedative, anesthetic and antiseizure properties, as well as their influence on mood. Currently ...

Authors: Mauro Giovanni Carta, Krishna M Bhat and Antonio Preti

Resting state EEG oscillatory power differences in ADHD college students and their peers

Among the most robust neural abnormalities differentiating individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from typically developing controls are elevated levels of slow oscillatory activity (...

Authors: Steven Woltering, Jessica Jung, Zhongxu Liu and Rosemary Tannock

Extinction learning deficit in a rodent model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Deficient operant extinction has been hypothesized to be constitutive of ADHD dysfunction. In order to elucidate the behavioral mechanisms underlying this deficit, the performance of an animal model of ADHD, t...

Authors: Ryan J Brackney, Timothy HC Cheung, Katrina Herbst, Jade C Hill and Federico Sanabria

Comparative study between bone marrow mononuclear fraction and mesenchymal stem cells treatment in sensorimotor recovery after focal cortical ablation in rats

Different models of cortical lesion lead to different effects on plasticity of connections and loss of function. In opposition to ischemia, cortical lesion made by ablation does not induce significant adaptive...

Authors: Helder Teixeira de Freitas, Viviane Gomes da Silva and Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães

Glucocerebrosidase L444P mutation confers genetic risk for Parkinson’s disease in central China

Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have reportedly been associated with Parkinson disease (PD) in various ethnic populations such as Singaporean, Japanese, Formosan, Canadian, American, Portuguese,...

Authors: Youpei Wang, Ling Liu, Jing Xiong, Xiaowei Zhang, Zhenzhen Chen, Lan Yu, Chunnuan Chen, Jinsha Huang, Zhentao Zhang, Asrah A Mohmed, Zhicheng Lin, Nian Xiong and Tao Wang

Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce sex-specific changes in reinforcer-controlled behaviour and neurotransmitter metabolism in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of ADHD

Previous reports suggest that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements may reduce ADHD-like behaviour. Our aim was to investigate potential effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in an animal ...

Authors: Kine S Dervola, Bjørg Å Roberg, Grete Wøien, Inger Lise Bogen, Torbjørn H Sandvik, Terje Sagvolden, Christian A Drevon, Espen Borgå Johansen and Sven Ivar Walaas

Symbolic and non symbolic numerical representation in adults with and without developmental dyscalculia

The question whether Developmental Dyscalculia (DD; a deficit in the ability to process numerical information) is the result of deficiencies in the non symbolic numerical representation system (e.g., a group o...

Authors: Tamar Furman and Orly Rubinsten

Immunization with DAT fragments is associated with long-term striatal impairment, hyperactivity and reduced cognitive flexibility in mice

Possible interactions between nervous and immune systems in neuro-psychiatric disorders remain elusive. Levels of brain dopamine transporter (DAT) have been implicated in several impulse-control disorders, lik...

Authors: Walter Adriani, Susanne Koot, Sandra Columba-Cabezas, Emilia Romano, Domenica Travaglini, Ruud van den Bos, Oleg Granstrem, Syed F Ali and Giovanni Laviola

Evaluating the contribution of shape attributes to recognition using the minimal transient discrete cue protocol

Subjects were tested for their ability to identify objects that were represented by an array of dots that marked the major contours, usually only the outer boundary. Each dot was briefly flashed to make its po...

Authors: Ernest Greene and R Todd Ogden

Fear conditioning-related changes in cerebellar Purkinje cell activities in goldfish

Fear conditioning-induced changes in cerebellar Purkinje cell responses to a conditioned stimulus have been reported in rabbits. It has been suggested that synaptic long-term potentiation and the resulting inc...

Authors: Masayuki Yoshida and Hiroki Kondo

Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy

Recent clinical studies revealed emotional and cognitive impairments associated with absence epilepsy. Preclinical research with genetic models of absence epilepsy however have primarily focused on dysfunction...

Authors: Ayşe Karson, Tijen Utkan, Fuat Balcı, Feyza Arıcıoğlu and Nurbay Ateş

Time perception at different EEG-vigilance levels

Human time perception is influenced by various factors such as attention and drowsiness. Nevertheless, the impact of cerebral vigilance fluctuations on temporal perception has not been sufficiently explored. W...

Authors: Juliane Minkwitz, Maja U Trenner, Christian Sander, Sebastian Olbrich, Abigail J Sheldrick, Ulrich Hegerl and Hubertus Himmerich

ERP differences between processing of physical characteristics and personality attributes

Limited data from behavioral and brain-imaging studies indicate that personality traits and physical characteristics are processed differently by the brain. Additionally, electrophysiological results of studie...

Authors: Fanchang Kong, Yan Zhang and Hong Chen

Effect of mental fatigue on the central nervous system: an electroencephalography study

Fatigue can be classified as mental and physical depending on its cause, and eachtype of fatigue has a multi-factorial nature. We examined the effect of mentalfatigue on the central nervous system using electr...

Authors: Masaaki Tanaka, Yoshihito Shigihara, Akira Ishii, Masami Funakura, Etsuko Kanai and Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Maternal behavior in transgenic mice with reduced fibroblast growth factor receptor function in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are necessary for the proper development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which are key activators of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gon...

Authors: Leah R Brooks, Carter Duyet V Le, Wilson C Chung and Pei-San Tsai

Why are psychiatric imaging methods clinically unreliable? Conclusions and practical guidelines for authors, editors and reviewers

No reliable anatomical or functional alterations have been confirmed in psychiatric neuroimaging; however it can become reliable with translational impact on clinical practice when considering crucial methodol...

Authors: Stefan Borgwardt, Joaquim Radua, Andrea Mechelli and Paolo Fusar-Poli

Mitochondrion-toxic drugs given to patients with mitochondrial psychoses

Authors: Josef Finsterer

Altered spontaneous activity in young chronic cigarette smokers revealed by regional homogeneity

Few studies have been previously published about the resting state brain activity in young chronic smokers, although many previous fMRI studies have shown that the task-related activity pattern is altered in c...

Authors: Jinsong Tang, Yanhui Liao, Qijian Deng, Tieqiao Liu, Xiaogang Chen, Xuyi Wang, Xiaojun Xiang, Hongxian Chen and Wei Hao

An anxiogenic drug, FG 7142, induced an increase in mRNA of Btg2 and Adamts1 in the hippocampus of adult mice

Anxiety and stress-related disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders. The hippocampus is a crucial brain area involved in the neural circuits of the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-relate...

Authors: Akeo Kurumaji and Toru Nishikawa

Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 genotype on N-acetylaspartate levels and neurocognition in non-smoking, active alcoholics

We studied the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene on brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentrations and executive function (EF) skills in non-s...

Authors: Yan Xia, Dongying Ma, Jian Hu, Chunling Tang, Zheng Wu, Lei Liu and Feng Xin

Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in internet gaming addicts

Internet gaming addiction (IGA), as a subtype of internet addiction disorder, is rapidly becoming a prevalent mental health concern around the world. The neurobiological underpinnings of IGA should be studied ...

Authors: Guangheng Dong, Jie Huang and Xiaoxia Du

Difficulty in disengaging from threat and temperamental negative affectivity in early life: A longitudinal study of infants aged 12–36 months

Attention disengagement is reportedly influenced by perceiving a fearful facial expression even in the first year of life. In the present study, we examined whether individual differences in disengaging from f...

Authors: Atsuko Nakagawa and Masune Sukigara

Deficits in retrospective and prospective components underlying prospective memory tasks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

By use of purer indices of PM and RM components than previous studies and adoption of three PM task types, the present study aimed to investigate the deficits of these two components underlying global impairme...

Authors: Ting Zhou, Lucas S Broster, Yang Jiang, Feng Bao, Huali Wang and Juan Li

Atlas-based white matter analysis in individuals with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) and unaffected siblings

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS, MIM#192430, 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome) is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of about 40 genes at the q11.2 band of one copy of chromosome 22. Individuals with VCFS pres...

Authors: Petya D Radoeva, Ioana L Coman, Kevin M Antshel, Wanda Fremont, Christopher S McCarthy, Ashwini Kotkar, Dongliang Wang, Robert J Shprintzen and Wendy R Kates

Individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease show differential patterns of ERP brain activation during odor identification

Studies suggest that older adults at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease may show olfactory processing deficits before other signs of dementia appear.

Authors: Charlie D Morgan and Claire Murphy

Event-related brain potentials that distinguish false memory for events that occurred only seconds in the past

False memory often involves retrieving events from the distant past that did not actually happen. However, recent evidence obtained using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm for eliciting false memory ...

Authors: Hong Chen, Joel L Voss and Chunyan Guo

An overview of the neuro-cognitive processes involved in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of true and false memories

Perception and memory are imperfect reconstructions of reality. These reconstructions are prone to be influenced by several factors, which may result in false memories. A false memory is the recollection of an...

Authors: Benjamin Straube

Perspective and agency during video gaming influences spatial presence experience and brain activation patterns

The experience of spatial presence (SP), i.e., the sense of being present in a virtual environment, emerges if an individual perceives himself as 1) if he were actually located (self-location) and 2) able to act ...

Authors: Michael Havranek, Nicolas Langer, Marcus Cheetham and Lutz Jäncke

The gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA_B) receptor agonist baclofen inhibits morphine sensitization by decreasing the dopamine level in rat nucleus accumbens

Repeated morphine exposure can induce behavioral sensitization. There are evidences have shown that central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is involved in morphine dependence. However, the effect of a GABA_B

Authors: Zhenyu Fu, Hongfa Yang, Yuqiang Xiao, Gang Zhao and Haiyan Huang

Gender differences in mathematics anxiety and the relation to mathematics performance while controlling for test anxiety

Mathematics anxiety (MA), a state of discomfort associated with performing mathematical tasks, is thought to affect a notable proportion of the school age population. Some research has indicated that MA negati...

Authors: Amy Devine, Kayleigh Fawcett, Dénes Szűcs and Ann Dowker

Effect of intermittent exposure to ethanol and MDMA during adolescence on learning and memory in adult mice

Heavy binge drinking is increasingly frequent among adolescents, and consumption of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is often combined with ethanol (EtOH). The long-lasting effects of intermittent expo...

Authors: Antonio Vidal-Infer, Maria A. Aguilar, Jose Miñarro and Marta Rodríguez-Arias

A genetic association study of DNA methylation levels in the DRD4 gene region finds associations with nearby SNPs

Dopamine receptor D ₄ (DRD4) polymorphisms have been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, but little is known about the mechanism of these associations. DNA met...

Authors: Sophia J. Docherty, Oliver S. P. Davis, Claire M. A. Haworth, Robert Plomin, Ursula D’Souza and Jonathan Mill

Differential effects of diazepam and MPEP on habituation and neuro-behavioural processes in inbred mice

Previous studies have demonstrated a profound lack of habituation in 129P3 mice compared to the habituating, but initially more anxious, BALB/c mice. The present study investigated whether this non-adaptive ph...

Authors: Amber R. Salomons, Nathaly Espitia Pinzon, Hetty Boleij, Susanne Kirchhoff, Saskia S. Arndt, Rebecca E. Nordquist, Lothar Lindemann, Georg Jaeschke, Will Spooren and Frauke Ohl

Neurological soft signs in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and the relationships to neuropsychological functions

Neurological abnormalities have been reported in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The current study aimed to examine the prevalence of neurological soft signs (NSS) in this clinical group...

Authors: Hui-jie Li, Peng-yun Wang, Yang Jiang, Raymond C. K. Chan, Hua-li Wang and Juan Li

Paradox of schizophrenia genetics: is a paradigm shift occurring?

Genetic research of schizophrenia (SCZ) based on the nuclear genome model (NGM) has been one of the most active areas in psychiatry for the past two decades. Although this effort is ongoing, the current situat...

Authors: Nagafumi Doi, Yoko Hoshi, Masanari Itokawa, Takeo Yoshikawa, Tomoe Ichikawa, Makoto Arai, Chie Usui and Hirokazu Tachikawa

Association of CTXN3-SLC12A2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia in a Thai population

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with brain imaging as a quantitative trait analysis revealed that the SNPs near CTXN3-SLC12A2 region were related to forebrain development and stress response which...

Authors: Benjaporn Panichareon, Kazuhiro Nakayama, Sadahiko Iwamoto, Wanpen Thurakitwannakarn and Wasana Sukhumsirichart

Activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a dual neuropsychological screening test: An fMRI approach

The Kana Pick-out Test (KPT), which uses Kana or Japanese symbols that represent syllables, requires parallel processing of discrete (pick-out) and continuous (reading) dual tasks. As a dual task, the KPT is thou...

Authors: Atsumichi Tachibana, J. Adam Noah, Shaw Bronner, Yumie Ono, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Masami Niwa, Kazuko Watanabe and Minoru Onozuka

The COMT Val158 allele is associated with impaired delayed-match-to-sample performance in ADHD

This study explored the association between three measures of working memory ability and genetic variation in a range of catecholamine genes in a sample of children with ADHD.

Authors: Natasha Matthews, Alasdair Vance, Tarrant D R Cummins, Joseph Wagner, Amanda Connolly, Jacqueline Yamada, Paul J Lockhart, Ajay Panwar, Robyn H Wallace and Mark A Bellgrove

Association between a genetic variant in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin; 5-HT) system has a central role in the circuitry of cognition and emotions. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4;

Authors: Eva Lindholm Carlström, Peter Saetre, Anders Rosengren, Johan H Thygesen, Srdjan Djurovic, Ingrid Melle, Ole A Andreassen, Thomas Werge, Ingrid Agartz, Håkan Hall, Lars Terenius and Erik G Jönsson

Variation in regulator of G-protein signaling 17 gene (RGS17) is associated with multiple substance dependence diagnoses

RGS17 and RGS20 encode two members of the regulator of G-protein signaling RGS-Rz subfamily. Variation in these genes may alter their transcription and thereby influence the function of G protein-coupled receptor...

Authors: Huiping Zhang, Fan Wang, Henry R Kranzler, Raymond F Anton and Joel Gelernter

Possible effect of norepinephrine transporter polymorphisms on methylphenidate-induced changes in neuropsychological function in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Dysregulation of noradrenergic system may play important roles in pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the norepinephrine tr...

Authors: Subin Park, Jae-Won Kim, Young-Hui Yang, Soon-Beom Hong, Min-Hyeon Park, Boong-Nyun Kim, Min-Sup Shin, Hee-Jeong Yoo and Soo-Churl Cho

Brain antioxidant markers, cognitive performance and acetylcholinesterase activity of rats: efficiency of Sonchus asper

Sonchus asper (SA) is traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat mental disorders in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyphenolic rich methanolic fraction of SA on cognitive p...

Authors: Rahmat Ali Khan, Muhammad Rashid Khan and Sumaira Sahreen

DRD2 and PPP1R1B (DARPP-32) polymorphisms independently confer increased risk for autism spectrum disorders and additively predict affected status in male-only affected sib-pair families

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) modulates executive functions, learning, and emotional processing, all of which are impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our previous findings sugge...

Authors: Joe A Hettinger, Xudong Liu, Melissa L Hudson, Alana Lee, Ira L Cohen, Ron C Michaelis, Charles E Schwartz, Suzanne ME Lewis and Jeanette JA Holden

Interaction between Serotonin Transporter and Serotonin Receptor 1 B genes polymorphisms may be associated with antisocial alcoholism

Several studies have hypothesized that genes regulating the components of the serotonin system, including serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and serotonin 1 B receptor (5-HT1B), may be associated with alcoholism, b...

Authors: Tzu-Yun Wang, Sheng-Yu Lee, Shiou-Lan Chen, Yun-Hsuan Chang, Shih-Heng Chen, Chun-Hsien Chu, San-Yuan Huang, Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Chen-Lin Wang, I Hui Lee, Tzung Lieh Yeh, Yen Kuang Yang and Ru-Band Lu

Associations between a neurophysiological marker of central cholinergic activity and cognitive functions in young and older adults

The deterioration of the central cholinergic system in aging is hypothesized to underlie declines in several cognitive domains, including memory and executive functions. However, there is surprisingly little d...

Authors: Marielle Young-Bernier, Yael Kamil, François Tremblay and Patrick S R Davidson

Children with Usher syndrome: mental and behavioral disorders

Mental and behavioral disorders among adults with Usher syndrome have been discussed and reported in some case studies but no research has been reported on children with Usher syndrome.

Authors: Jesper Dammeyer

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition ameliorates deficits in motivational drive

Apathy is frequently observed in numerous neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Apathy is defined as a lack of motivation...

Authors: Keri Martinowich, Kathleen M Cardinale, Robert J Schloesser, Michael Hsu, Nigel H Greig and Husseini K Manji

A dual task priming investigation of right hemisphere inhibition for people with left hemisphere lesions

During normal semantic processing, the left hemisphere (LH) is suggested to restrict right hemisphere (RH) performance via interhemispheric suppression. However, a lesion in the LH or the use of concurrent tas...

Authors: Erin R Smith-Conway, Helen J Chenery, Anthony J Angwin and David A Copland

The Influence of verbalization on the pattern of cortical activation during mental arithmetic

The aim of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study at 3 T was to investigate the influence of the verbal-visual cognitive style on cerebral activation patterns during mental arithmetic. ...

Authors: Sabrina Zarnhofer, Verena Braunstein, Franz Ebner, Karl Koschutnig, Christa Neuper, Gernot Reishofer and Anja Ischebeck