Genetic polymorphisms in dopamine-related genes and smoking cessation in women: a prospective cohort study

Ton, Thanh GN; Rossing, Mary Anne; Bowen, Deborah J; Srinouanprachan, Sengkeo; Wicklund, Kristine; Farin, Federico M

doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-22

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Table 2 Characteristics of 593 women by short-term and long-term smoking cessation status, Seattle, WA, 1993–1998.

From: Genetic polymorphisms in dopamine-related genes and smoking cessation in women: a prospective cohort study

	Short-term Smoking Cessation				Long-term Smoking Cessation
	Quit (n = 116)		Did not quit (n = 447)		Quit (n = 93)		Did not quit (n = 500)
Characteristic*	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Race/Ethnicity
Caucasian American	109	94.0	413	92.4	92	98.9	458	91.6
African American	3	2.6	17	3.8	0	0.0	20	4.0
Asian Pacific Islander	0	0.0	5	1.1	0	0.0	5	1.0
Hispanic & Latin American	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	0.2
American Indian & Native Alaskan	0	0.0	3	0.7	0	0.0	3	0.6
Other	3	2.6	9	2.0	1	1.1	12	2.4
Age (years)
<40	42	36.2	161	36.0	35	37.6	181	36.2
40–49	47	40.5	175	39.1	40	43.0	195	39.0
50–59	24	20.7	95	21.2	17	18.2	106	21.2
≥60	3	2.6	16	3.6	1	1.1	18	3.6
Educational level (years)
<12	4	3.5	13	2.9	2	2.2	18	3.8
= 12	34	20.1	143	33.6	25	27.8	160	33.5
>12	75	66.4	270	63.4	63	70.0	299	62.7
Refused	3		21		3		23
Employed
Yes	82	70.7	338	75.8	69	74.2	371	74.2
Missing	0		1
Annual income
≤ $25,000	22	19.1	99	22.6	14	15.1	120	24.5
$26,000–50,000	58	50.4	225	51.4	46	49.5	247	50.5
> $50,000	35	30.4	114	26.0	33	35.4	122	25.0
Refused	0		4		0		4
Missing	1		5		0		7
Alcohol use 1 month prior to trial
None	40	37.0	128	33.9	35	42.2	137	33.1
1–10 Drinks	51	47.2	163	43.1	32	38.6	187	45.2
11–19 Drinks	5	4.6	32	8.5	5	6.0	33	8.0
≥ 20 Drinks	12	11.1	55	14.6	11	13.3	57	13.8
Missing	8		69		10		86
Average cigarette use
10–19 cigarettes/day	33	29.2	92	20.9	25	27.5	106	22.2
20–39 cigarettes/day	69	61.1	309	70.2	58	63.7	338	68.7
40–59 cigarettes/day	10	8.8	32	7.3	7	7.7	40	8.1
≥60 cigarettes/day	1	0.9	7	1.6	1	1.1	8	1.6
Missing	3		7		2		8
Age started smoking
≤13	6	5.2	49	11.0	4	4.3	57	11.4
14–18	66	56.9	287	64.3	52	56.5	319	63.8
19–22	32	27.6	83	18.6	30	32.6	89	17.8
≥23	12	10.3	27	6.1	6	6.5	35	7.0
Missing	0		1		1		0
Total duration of smoking up to entry into trial
≤9 years	4	3.4	1	1	1.1	4	0.8
10–19 years	26	22.4	93	26	28.3	100	20.0
20–29 years	54	46.7	192	38	41.3	222	44.4
30–39 years	27	23.3	129	25	27.1	140	28.0
≥40 years	5	4.3	31	2	2.2	34	6.8
Missing	0		1	1		0
Trial intervention arm
Fenfluramine	56	48.3	226	51	54.8	240	48.0

*At entry into clinical trial, unless otherwise indicated

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ISSN: 1744-9081

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