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Table 6 Differences between patients according to type of substance

From: The impacts of substance abuse and dependence on neuropsychological functions in a sample of patients from Saudi Arabia

Test items

Alcohol

mean ± SD

Heroin

mean ± SD

Amphetamine

mean ± SD

F value

P value

CTMT Time 1 b

85.69 ± 34.14

75.3 ± 22.09

69.47 ± 18.61

F(2,101) = 5.3

0.006

CTMT Time 2 b

120.37 ± 41

111.34 ± 33.42

132.62 ± 5.02

F(2,101) = 5.02

0.008

CTMT errors 2 b

0.59 ± 1.25

0.27 ± 0.84

0.19 ± 1.33

F(2,62) = 3.18

0.048

Stroop Time 4 b

31.92 ± 6.92

24.95 ± 7.84

25.78 ± 6.13

F(1,101) = 14.78

0.000

Stroop Time 5 b

36.28 ± 8.07

28.29 ± 9.48

29.96 ± 8.40

F(1,101) = 11.94

0.000

Stroop Errors 5 b

2.95 ± 2.86

2.36 ± 2.20

3.59 ± 3.25

F(3,35) = 2.90

0.05

5 dots total score a

26.08 ± 6.84

30.16 ± 9.29

24.88 ± 7.81

F(5,85) = 3.24

0.01

5 dots Unique designs a

22.57 ± 6.71

27.45 ± 8.44

21.33 ± 7.18

F(4,101) = 3.49

0.01

5 dots Repetitions b

3.66 ± 4.11

2.79 ± 2.74

3.7 ± 3.2

F(5,85) = 3.24

0.01

TAM interference b

0.8 ± 2.01

1.6 ± 2.61

0.53 ± 1.5

F(4,101) = 3.49

0.01

TAM repetitions b

0.38 ± 0.8

1.18 ± 1.53

0.43 ± 1.29

F(3,38) = 6.66

0.001

TAM words a

33.25 ± 12.59

36.28 ± 16.6

33.85 ± 15.45

F(7,101) = 2.07

0.05

TAM total score a

40 ± 11.78

42.32 ± 16.59

41.13 ± 14.73

F(13,166) = 1.76

0.05

SDMT a

27.04 ± 10.02

32.8 ± 10.88

26.89 ± 10.11

F(4,42) = 5.64

0.001

  1. a. Higher scores indicate better function.
  2. b. higher scores indicate poorer function
  3. CTMT: color trail making test
  4. TAM: TAM verbal flexibility test.
  5. SDMT: symbol digit modalities test