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Table 1 Demographics and descriptive statistics for ADHD cases and non-ADHD controls.

From: Gene × environment interactions for ADHD: synergistic effect of 5HTTLPR genotype and youth appraisals of inter-parental conflict

 

Control (N = 137)

ADHD (N = 151)

p

% Male

48.2

64.2

.006

% Caucasian

74.5

78.1

.46

% African-American

14.6

11.3

.40

% Latino

6.6

3.3

.20

% Other

4.4

7.3

.30

Age (SD)

14.7 (2.4)

13.5 (2.8)

<.001

% Both Biological Parents

71.5

60.3

.044

% Parents Separated/Divorced

10.9

18.5

.071

% Parents Re-Partnered

17.5

21.2

.43

Yearly Household Income (SD)+

74 (36)

63 (36)

.02

KSAD Diagnostics

   

   Inattentive Symptoms (SD)

1.2 (2.0)

7.3 (1.8)

<.001

   Hyperactive Symptoms (SD)

.57 (1.1)

4.1 (3.2)

<.001

   % ODD

8.8

27.2

<.001

   % CD

1.5

9.9

.002

   % MDD

10.2

21.9

.008

Conners' Teacher Report

   

   Cognitive Problems T Score

51.8 (12.3)

61.7 (14.6)

<.001

   Hyperactivity T score

49.8 (9.3)

60.3 (11.8)

<.001

ADHD Rating Scale -- Teacher Report

   

   Inattentive Symptoms

.62 (1.7)

4.0 (3.2)

<.001

   Hyperactive Symptoms

.32 (.10)

2.1 (2.8)

<.001

5HTTLPR Genotype

   

   % High Activity (La/La)

.28

.25

.53

   % Moderate Activity (La/Lg, La/s)

.42

.46

.49

   % Low Activity (Lg/Lg, Lg/s, or s/s)

.30

.29

.88

CPIC Self-Blame Score

1.9 (3.0)

4.1 (3.6)

<.001

CPIC Conflict Properties Score

9.1 (5.5)

11.6 (5.0)

<.001

  1. Note. SD = standard deviation; ODD = Oppositional Defiant Disorder; CD = Conduct Disorder; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder-Lifetime. KSADS-E Diagnostics based upon parent report.
  2. + Income in thousands of dollars.