Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics and neuropsychological performances of patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects (mean ± standard deviation)

Number

63

27

Age (years)

30.3 ± 10.1

30.0 ± 9.7

F(1, 89) = 0.017, p = 0.898

Female : Male

36:27

16:11

X² = 0.078, p = 0.683

Education (years)

12.7 ± 2.3

16.0 ± 3.0

F(1, 89) = 7.962, p = 0.006

PANSS dimensions

   Disorganization

7.3 ± 2.4

   Negative

11.6 ± 4.5

   Delusion/Hallucination

7.7 ± 3.4

   Excitement

3.2 ± 1.8

Neuropsychological performance

WMSR

Verbal paired associates

22.6 ± 6.4

28.9 ± 3.0

F(3, 87) = 10.18, p < 0.001*

Visual reproduction Artificial grammar learning

59.2 ± 14.3

73.3 ± 8.4

F(3, 87) = 8.90, p < 0.001*

Lexical strings

57.7 ± 6.5

61.6 ± 5.7

F(3, 87) = 2.73, p = 0.048*

F(5, 85) = 3.07, p = 0.014†

Color patterns

53.0 ± 6.3

59.3 ± 5.5

F(3, 87) = 8.51, p < 0.001*

F(5, 85) = 5.48, p < 0.001†