Skip to main content

Table 3 Language performance of both groups in two language tests

From: Individual differences in control of language interference in late bilinguals are mainly related to general executive abilities

Tasks and performance measures

Switcher

Non-Switcher

Verbal Fluency

  

German

  

category FOOD correct

20.6 (4.5)

21.8 (4.6)

category CLOTHES correct

18.1 (4.9)

18.8 (4.9)

letter S correct

10.2 (4.4)

12.1 (4.5)

letter H correct

8.8 (2.5)

9.5 (3.4)

Russian

  

category ANIMALS correct

17.7 (5.0)

20.6 (6.1)

category PLANTS & FLOWERS correct

17.1 (7.1)

16.1 (6.9)

letter P correct

11.8 (5.5)

13.8 (4.6)

letter R correct

11.9 (3.3)

11.7 (4.9)

Errors of interference total

1.1 (1.3)

.3 (.7) *

Interview

  

Errors of interference in German

.6 (1.0)

0 (0.0) **

Errors of interference in Russian

10.8 (10.5)

3.3 (4.8) **

  1. Means and standard deviation (SD) are reported for performance on two bilingual language tests of both groups. Significant differences between groups are indicated by an asterisk with * = p < .05 and ** = p < .01.