Variables | UHR subjects (n = 19) | Healthy controls (n = 20) | Analysis |
|---|
| Â |
Mean
|
SD
|
Mean
|
SD
|
T/U/X
2
|
p
|
Male/Females | 11/8 | 11/9 | 0.03a | 0.86 |
Age (yrs) | 20.8 | 4.1 | 21.7 | 2.1 | -0.77b | 0.45 |
Handedness (R/L)e | 19/0 | 20/0 | Â | Â |
Parental SES | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 165.00c | 0.63 |
Educational years | 12.2 | 2.0 | 13.9 | 1.3 | 84.00c | 0.002** |
IQf | 109.2 | 17.7 | 106.4 | 12.7 | 176.50c | 0.70 |
GAF | 52.3 | 11.6 | 89.8 | 2.0 | 12.50c | < 0.001** |
SFSg | 100.39 | 10.21 | 115.09 | 6.76 | -4.80d | < 0.001** |
PANSS | 57.4 | 14.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BPRS | 43.5 | 8.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SAPS | 11.6 | 8.4 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SANS | 28.4 | 16.5 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CAARMSh | 46.5 | 18.8 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- aPearson's chi-square test; bWelch's t test; cMann-Whitney U test; dStudent's t test.
- eAssessed using Annett hand preference questionnaire [62].
- fEstimated by Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (K-WAIS-R) [63].
- gAverage scores of the seven subscales, each of which was standardized and normalized with a mean of 100 and a SD of 15.
- hScored by adding the intensity rating scores.
- Data were not available for some participants in parental SES (control n = 1) and SFS (control n = 5).
- **p < 0.01
- UHR: ultra-high risk; SES: Hollingshead socioeconomic status (highest = 1, lowest = 5); IQ: intelligence quotient; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning [64]; SFS: Social Functioning Scale [65]; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [66]; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (modified 24-item version, rating items 1-7) [67]; SAPS: Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms [68]; SANS: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [69]; CAARMS: Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States.
