Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the prevalence of decrease in intrinsic academic motivation in elementary school students
| Â | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Â | Crude | Multiple-Adjusted* |
Grade | Â | Â |
4th grade | Reference (1.00) | Â |
5th grade | 0.60 (0.19 - 1.85) | Â |
6th grade | 1.21 (0.44 - 3.35) | Â |
p for trend | 0.455 | Â |
Female gender | 0.80 (0.33 - 1.92) | Â |
List learning test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥34) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (30 - 33) | 1.86 (0.66 - 5.26) | 1.71 (0.59 - 4.91) |
Tertile 3 (≤30) | 0.91 (0.26 - 3.14) | 0.88 (0.25 - 3.08) |
p for trend | 0.347 | 0.441 |
List recall test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥10) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (8 - 9) | 0.99 (0.33 - 2.95) | 0.93 (0.31 - 2.83) |
Tertile 3 (≤7) | 1.56 (0.46 - 5.31) | 1.42 (0.41 - 4.99) |
p for trend | 0.679 | 0.748 |
Digit span forward test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥7) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (6) | 2.02 (0.46 - 8.90) | 2.16 (0.47 - 9.91) |
Tertile 3 (≤5) | 1.14 (0.28 - 4.67) | 1.16 (0.28 - 4.83) |
p for trend | 0.521 | 0.483 |
Symbol digit modalities test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥48) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (39 - 47) | 1.39 (0.44 - 4.42) | 1.55 (0.48 - 5.04) |
Tertile 3 (≤38) | 1.47 (0.50 - 4.38) | 1.68 (0.53 - 5.29) |
p for trend | 0.762 | 0.646 |
Semantic fluency test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥11) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (9 - 10) | 1.09 (0.33 - 3.56) | 1.20 (0.36 - 4.03) |
Tertile 3 (≤8) | 2.28 (0.79 - 6.56) | 2.49 (0.84 - 7.34) |
p for trend | 0.239 | 0.210 |
Figure copying test | Â | Â |
Tertile 1 (≥19) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (16 - 18) | 0.77 (0.25 - 2.34) | 0.79 (0.25 - 2.48) |
Tertile 3 (≤15) | 1.48 (0.48 - 4.50) | 1.66 (0.53 - 5.23) |
p for trend | 0.484 | 0.420 |
Kana pick-out test | Â | Â |
   Kana pick-out number |  |  |
Tertile 1 (≥30) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (24 - 29) | 1.48 (0.47 - 4.68) | 1.69 (0.52 - 5.49) |
Tertile 3 (≤23) | 2.22 (0.71 - 6.97) | 2.80 (0.83 - 9.43) |
p for trend | 0.389 | 0.250 |
   Kana omission number |  |  |
Tertile 1 (≤3) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (4 - 7) | 1.07 (0.35 - 3.31) | 1.10 (0.35 - 3.44) |
Tertile 3 (≥8) | 0.91 (0.30 - 2.78) | 0.84 (0.27 - 2.63) |
p for trend | 0.955 | 0.889 |
   Kana pick-out score |  |  |
Tertile 1 (≥24) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (16 - 23) | 1.06 (0.34 - 3.34) | 1.14 (0.35 - 3.68) |
Tertile 3 (≤15) | 1.40 (0.47 - 4.19) | 1.55 (0.50 - 4.78) |
p for trend | 0.806 | 0.730 |
   Score for comprehension of the story |  |  |
Tertile 1 (≥5) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (3 - 4) | 1.38 (0.45 - 4.28) | 1.37 (0.44 - 4.29) |
Tertile 3 (≤2) | 1.55 (0.48 - 4.99) | 1.54 (0.47 - 5.05) |
p for trend | 0.749 | 0.763 |
Modified advanced trail making test | Â | Â |
   RT on task A |  |  |
Tertile 1 (<39.1) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (39.1 - 47.8) | 2.35 (0.83 - 6.63) | 2.18 (0.75 - 6.34) |
Tertile 3 (≥47.9) | 0.62 (0.17 - 2.30) | 0.59 (0.15 - 2.35) |
p for trend | 0.064 | 0.085 |
   RT on task B |  |  |
Tertile 1 (<57.9) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (57.9 - 73.2) | 0.60 (0.20 - 1.84) | 0.69 (0.22 - 2.18) |
Tertile 3 (≥73.3) | 0.78 (0.27 - 2.20) | 0.89 (0.28 - 2.81) |
p for trend | 0.667 | 0.813 |
   RT on task C |  |  |
Tertile 1 (<80.2) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (80.2 - 98.2) | 0.79 (0.24 - 2.58) | 0.85 (0.25 - 2.89) |
Tertile 3 (≥98.3) | 1.67 (0.58 - 4.84) | 1.83 (0.58 - 5.72) |
p for trend | 0.371 | 0.358 |
   RT on task D |  |  |
Tertile 1 (<12.7) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (12.7 - 16.4) | 1.39 (0.46 - 4.25) | 1.74 (0.52 - 5.75) |
Tertile 3 (≥16.5) | 1.57 (0.53 - 4.67) | 2.14 (0.61 - 7.51) |
p for trend | 0.711 | 0.481 |
   RT on task E |  |  |
Tertile 1 (<65.5) | Reference (1.00) | Reference (1.00) |
Tertile 2 (64.5 - 79.7) | 1.23 (0.42 - 3.55) | 1.31 (0.44 - 3.85) |
Tertile 3 (≥79.8) | 0.93 (0.30 - 2.83) | 0.89 (0.28 - 2.81) |
p for trend | 0.870 | 0.794 |