Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters

Table 3 Features of resilience and susceptibility to stress-induced depressive state in animal models

Physiological variable	Susceptible	Resilient
Sucrose intake/preference	Decreased [21–25]	Not changed [21–25]
Behavioural despair	Increased [23, 25] Not changed [21]	Not changed [21, 23, 25]
Social avoidance	Increased [21, 22]	Not changed [21, 22]
Novelty exploration	Decreased [21, 22] Increased [25]	Not changed [21, 22] Increased [25]
Contextual memory	Decreased [24] Not changed [23]	Not changed [23, 24]
Working memory	Decreased [24]	Not changed [24]
Coat state and self-grooming	Impaired [22, 24]	Not changed [22, 24]
Anxiety-like behavior	Increased [21, 22, 24] Not changed [25]	Increased [21, 22, 25] Not changed [24]
Body weight	Decreased [21, 22, 25] Not changed [21–24]	Decreased [21, 22, 25] Not changed [21–24]
Social hyperthermia	Increased [21]	Not changed [21]
Stress-induced polydipsia	Increased [21]	Not changed [21]
Circadian amplitude	Dereased [21]	Not changed [21]
Conditioned place preference	Increased [21]	Not changed [21]

Newly available models of depression which differentiate resilient and susceptible cohorts of animals enable a distinction of their physiological profiles. Original reports describing animal paradigms are quoted; in some cases dependently on the measure taken and the strain used the outcome varied within the same paradigm.

ISSN: 1744-9081