Figure 3
From: How does a surgeon’s brain buzz? An EEG coherence study on the interaction between humans and robot
Intra-hemispheric coherence changes between laparoscopic and robotic modality. Sample of intra-hemispheric coherence changes in the same surgeon operating with a laparoscopic (top traces) or a robotic (bottom traces) approach is shown in top panel (A). The colors represent the four frequency bands analyzed (red: delta; blue: theta; green: alpha 1 and alpha 2; yellow: beta) and were marked when the absolute value of the coherence function was > 0.5. Note the higher functional coupling, especially at theta band, in surgeons using a laparoscopic approach. The bottom panel (B) shows the mean absolute value of coherence function in theta and lower alpha band for all the comparisons analyzed; surgeons operating with a conventional laparoscopic procedure show significant higher values, except for the comparisons pre-SMA vs. M1 and M1 vs. V1 (**p < 0.001; *p < 0.01; n.s.: not significant). Inset on the upper left side represents an exemplificative pattern of intra-hemispheric channel comparisons.