Fig. 9

Courtship time and the proportions of behavioral elements changed with age. A The regression line (red) and quadratic curve (blue) for total courtship time over different ages. B The total courtship time of males aged 8, 29, and 49 days to females during the 20-min interaction. C The regression line (red) and quadratic curve (blue) for the ratio of orientation, tapping, singing, and attempted copulation over different ages. D The ratios of orientation, tapping, singing and attempted copulation of males at 8, 29, and 49 days old to females. n = 13 for 2 days old, n = 16 for 8 days old, n = 11 for 14 days old, n = 16 for 21 days old, n = 10 for 29 days old, n = 13 for 35 days old, n = 15 for 42 days old, n = 15 for 49 days old. QR decomposition was applied for regression analysis and quadratic fitting. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to compare the signaling ratio and orientation ratio among flies at 8, 29, and 49 days of age, and the Kruskal‒Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test was used to compare courtship time, tapping ratio and attempt copulation ratio among flies at 8, 29 and 49 days of age. Mean ± SEM