Boyle R, Coltheart V: Effects of irrelevant sounds on phonological coding in reading comprehension and short-term memory. Q J Exp Psychol A. 1996, 49: 398-416. 10.1080/027249896392702.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crawford HJ, Strapp CM: Effects of vocal and instrumental music on visuospatial and verbal performance as moderated by studying preference and personality. Pers Indiv Differ. 1994, 16: 237-245. 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90162-7.
Article
Google Scholar
Fox JG, Ebrey E: Music: an aid to productivity. Appl Eergon. 1972, 3: 202-205. 10.1016/0003-6870(72)90101-9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Furnham A, Allas K: The influence of musical distraction of varying complexity on the cognitive performance of extroverts and introverts. Eur J Personality. 1999, 13: 27-38. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(199901/02)13:1<27::AID-PER318>3.0.CO;2-R.
Article
Google Scholar
Furnham A, Trew S, Sneade I: The distracting effects of vocal and instrumental music on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Pers Indiv Diff. 1999, 27: 381-392. 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00249-9.
Article
Google Scholar
Furnham A, Bradley A: Music while you work: The differential distraction of background music on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Appl Cognitive Psych. 1997, 11: 445-455. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199710)11:5<445::AID-ACP472>3.0.CO;2-R.
Article
Google Scholar
Hirokawa E: Effects of music listening and relaxation instructions on arousal changes and the working memory task in older adults. J Music Ther. 2004, 41: 107-127.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hirokawa E, Ohira H: The effects of music listening after a stressful task on immune functions, neuroendocrine responses, and emotional states in college students. J Music Ther. 2003, 40: 189-211.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jancke L, Musial F, Vogt J, Kalveram KT: Monitoring radio programs and time of day affect simulated car-driving performance. Percept Motor Skill. 1994, 79: 484-486.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kellaris JJ, Kent RJ: The influence of music on customer's temporal perception. J Consum Psychol. 1992, 4: 365-376. 10.1016/S1057-7408(08)80060-5.
Article
Google Scholar
Miskovic D, Rosenthal R, Zingg U, Oertli D, Metzger U, Jancke L: Randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of music on the virtual reality laparoscopic learning performance of novice surgeons. Surg Endosc. 2008
Google Scholar
Nomi JS, Scherfeld D, Friederichs S, Schafer R, Franz M, Wittsack HJ, Azari NP, Missimer J, Seitz RJ: On the neural networks of empathy: A principal component analysis of an fMRI study. Behav Brain Funct. 2008, 4: 41-10.1186/1744-9081-4-41.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oldham G, Cummings A, Mischel L, Schmidhe J, Zhan J: Listen while you work? Quasi-experimental relations between personal-stereo headset use and employee work responses. J Appl Psychol. 1995, 80: 547-564. 10.1037/0021-9010.80.5.547.
Article
Google Scholar
Sousou SD: Effects of melody and lyrics on mood and memory. Percept Motor Skill. 1997, 85: 31-40. 10.2466/PMS.85.5.31-40.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hallam S, Price J, Katsarou G: The effects of background music on primary school pupils' task perfromance. Educ Stud. 2002, 28: 111-122. 10.1080/03055690220124551.
Article
Google Scholar
Bailey N, Areni CS: Background music as a quasi clock in retrospective duration judgments. Percept Motor Skill. 2006, 102: 435-444. 10.2466/PMS.102.2.435-444.
Article
Google Scholar
Balch WR, Bowman K, Mohler L: Music-dependent memory in immediate and delayed word recall. Mem Cognition. 1992, 20: 21-28.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Belsham RL, Harman DW: Effect of vocal vs non-vocal music on visual recall. Percept Motor Skills. 1977, 44: 857-858.
Article
Google Scholar
Brochard R, Dufour A, Després O: Effect of musical expertise on visuospatial abilities: evidence from reaction times and mental imagery. Brain Cognition. 2004, 54: 103-109. 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00264-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clark L, Iversen SD, Goodwin GM: The influence of positive and negative mood states on risk taking, verbal fluency, and salivary cortisol. J Affect Disord. 2001, 63: 179-187. 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00183-X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cockerton T, Moore S, Norman D: Cognitive test performance and background music. Percep Motor Skill. 1997, 85: 1435-1438.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Davidson CW, Powell LA: The effects of easy listening background music on the on-task-performance of fith-grade children. J Educ Res. 1986, 80: 29-33.
Article
Google Scholar
Etaugh C, Michals D: Effects of reading comprehension on preferred music and frequency of studying music. Percept Motor Skill. 1975, 41: 553-554.
Article
Google Scholar
Etaugh C, Ptasnik P: Effects of studying to music and post-study relaxation on reading comprehension. Percept Motor Skill. 1985, 55: 141-142.
Article
Google Scholar
Felix U: The contribution of background music to the enhancement of learning in suggestopedia: A critical review of the literature. Journal of the Society of Accelerated Learning and Teaching. 1993, 18: 277-303.
Google Scholar
Fogelson S: Music as a distractor on reading-test performance of eight grade students. Percept Motor Skill. 1973, 36: 265-1266.
Article
Google Scholar
Hilliard MO, Tolin P: Effect of familarity with background music on performance of simple and difficult reading comprehension tasks. Percept Motor Skill. 1979, 49: 713-714.
Article
Google Scholar
Johnson JK, Cotman CW, Tasaki CS, Shaw GL: Enhancement of spatial-temporal reasoning after a Mozart listening condition in Alzheimer's disease: a case study. Neurol Res. 1998, 20: 666-672.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lois H: Listening to music enhances spatial-temporal reasoning: evidence for the "Mozart Effect. J Aesthet Edu. 2000, 34: 105-148. 10.2307/3333640.
Article
Google Scholar
Miller LK, Schyb M: Facilitation and interference by background music. J Music Ther. 1989, 26: 42-54.
Article
Google Scholar
Nittono H: Background instrumental music and serial recall. Percept Motor Skill. 1997, 84: 1307-1313.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nittono H, Tsuda A, Akai S, Nakajima Y: Tempo of background sound and performance speed. Percept Motor Skill. 2000, 90: 1122-10.2466/PMS.90.3.1122-1122.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Register D, Darrow AA, Standley J, Swedberg O: The use of music to enhance reading skills of second grade students and students with reading disabilities. J Music Ther. 2007, 44: 23-37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salamé P, Baddeley A: Effects of background music on phonological short-term memory. Q J Exp Psychol A. 1989, 41: 107-122.
Article
Google Scholar
Schreiber EH: Influence on music on college students' achievements. Percept Motor Skill. 1988, 66: 338-
Article
Google Scholar
Schueller M, Bond ZS, Fucci D, Gunderson F, Vaz P: Possible influence of linguistic musical background on perceptual pitch-matching tasks: a pilot study. Percept Motor Skill. 2004, 99: 421-428.
Article
Google Scholar
Stainback SB, Stainback WC, Hallahan DP: Effect of background music on learning. Except Child. 1973, 40: 109-110.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stainback SB, Stainback WC, Hallahan DP, Payne JS: Effects of selected background music on task-relevant and task-irrelevant learning of institutionalized educable mentally retarded students. Train Sch Bull (Vinel). 1974, 71: 188-194.
CAS
Google Scholar
Tucker A, Bushman BJ: Effects of rock and roll music on mathematical, verbal, and reading comprehension performance. Percept Motor Skill. 1991, 72: 942-10.2466/PMS.72.3.942-942.
Article
Google Scholar
Wolf RH, Wejner FF: Effects of four noise conditions on arithmetic performance. Percept Motor Skill. 1972, 35: 928-930.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ellermeier W, Hellbruck J: Is level irrelevant in "Irrelevant speech"? Effects of loudness, signal-to-noise ratio, and binaural unmasking. J Exp Psychol Human. 1998, 24: 1406-1414. 10.1037/0096-1523.24.5.1406.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Iwanaga M, Ito T: Disturbance effect of music on processing of verbal and spatial memories. Percept Motor Skill. 2002, 94: 1251-1258.
Article
Google Scholar
Klatte M, Kilcher H, Hellbruck J: The effects of temporal structure of background noise on working memory: Theoretical and practical implications. Z Exp Psychol. 1995, 42: 517-544.
Google Scholar
Klatte M, Meis M, Sukowski H, Schick A: Effects of irrelevant speech and traffic noise on speech perception and cognitive performance in elementary school children. Noise Health. 2007, 9: 64-74. 10.4103/1463-1741.36982.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wallace WT, Rubin DC: Wreck of the olg 97: A real event remembered in song. Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory. Edited by: Neisser U, Winograd E. 1988, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 283-310.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Lozanov G: Suggestology and outlines of suggestopedy. 1978, New York: Gordon & Breach
Chapter
Google Scholar
Schiffler L: Suggestopädie und Superlearning - empirisch geprüft. 1989, Frankfurt am Main: Moritz Diesterweg Verlag
Google Scholar
Eschrich S, Munte TF, Altenmuller EO: Remember Bach: an investigation in episodic memory for music. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005, 1060: 438-442. 10.1196/annals.1360.045.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eschrich S, Munte TF, Altenmuller EO: Unforgettable film music: the role of emotion in episodic long-term memory for music. BMC Neurosci. 2008, 9: 48-10.1186/1471-2202-9-48.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jancke L: Music, memory and emotion. J Biol. 2008, 7: 21-
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Husain G, Thompson W, Schellenberg E: Effects of musical tempo and mode on arousal, mood, and spatial abilities. Music Percept. 2002, 20: 151-171. 10.1525/mp.2002.20.2.151.
Article
Google Scholar
Nantais K, Schellenberg E: The Mozart Effect: An artifact of preference. Psychol Sci. 1999, 10: 370-373. 10.1111/1467-9280.00170.
Article
Google Scholar
Thompson WF, Schellenberg EG, Husain G: Arousal, mood, and the Mozart effect. Psychol Sci. 2001, 12: 248-251. 10.1111/1467-9280.00345.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banbury SP, Macken WJ, Tremblay S, Jones DM: Auditory distraction and short-term memory: phenomena and practical implications. Hum Factors. 2001, 43: 12-29. 10.1518/001872001775992462.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones DM, Alford D, Macken WJ, Banbury SP, Tremblay S: Interference from degraded auditory stimuli: linear effects of changing-state in the irrelevant sequence. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000, 108: 1082-1088. 10.1121/1.1288412.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klimesch W: EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999, 29: 169-195. 10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00056-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laufs H, Holt JL, Elfont R, Krams M, Paul JS, Krakow K, Kleinschmidt A: Where the BOLD signal goes when alpha EEG leaves. Neuroimage. 2006, 31: 1408-1418. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laufs H, Kleinschmidt A, Beyerle A, Eger E, Salek-Haddadi A, Preibisch C, Krakow K: EEG-correlated fMRI of human alpha activity. Neuroimage. 2003, 19: 1463-1476. 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00286-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oakes TR, Pizzagalli DA, Hendrick AM, Horras KA, Larson CL, Abercrombie HC, Schaefer SM, Koger JV, Davidson RJ: Functional coupling of simultaneous electrical and metabolic activity in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp. 2004, 21: 257-270. 10.1002/hbm.20004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lehrl S, Gallwitz A, Blaha L: Kurztest für Allgemeine Intelligenz. 1992, Göttingen: Hogrefe Testzentrale
Google Scholar
Borkenau P, Ostendorf F: NEO-FFI NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar. 2008, Göttingen: Göttingen: Hogrefe Testzentrale
Google Scholar
Helmstaedter C, Durwen HF: VLMT: Verbaler Lern- und Merkfähigkeitstest: Ein praktikables und differenziertes Instrumentarium zur Prüfung der verbalen Gedächtnisleistungen. Schweiz Arch Neurol. 1990, 141: 21-30.
CAS
Google Scholar
Helmstaedter C, Lendt M, Lux S: VLMT -Verbaler Lern-und Merkfähigkeitstest. 2001, Göttingen: Hogrefe Testzentrale
Google Scholar
Annett M: A classification of hand preference by association analysis. Br J Psychol. 1970, 61: 303-321.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ: Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 20: 11818-11823. 10.1073/pnas.191355898.
Article
Google Scholar
Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ, Bermudez P, Evans AC: Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 1999, 4: 382-387. 10.1038/7299.
Article
Google Scholar
FL studio 4 software. http://flstudio.image-line.com/
Soundfiles used in this experiment. http://www.neurowissenschaft.ch/mmeyer/BBF
Steyer R, Schwenkmezger PNP, Eid M: 1997, Göttingen: Hogrefe
Nater UM, Abbruzzese E, Krebs M, Ehlert U: Sex differences in emotional and psychophysiological responses to musical stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol. 2006, 62: 300-308. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.05.011.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jung TP, Makeig S, Humphries C, Lee TW, McKeown MJ, Iragui V, Sejnowski TJ: Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation. Psychophysiology. 2000, 37: 163-178. 10.1017/S0048577200980259.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jung TP, Makeig S, Westerfield M, Townsend J, Courchesne E, Sejnowski TJ: Removal of eye activity artifacts from visual event-related potentials in normal and clinical subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000, 111: 1745-1758. 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00386-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH: Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999, 110: 1842-1857. 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00141-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pfurtscheller G, Andrew C: Event-Related changes of band power and coherence: methodology and interpretation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999, 16: 512-519. 10.1097/00004691-199911000-00003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jausovec N, Habe K: The "Mozart effect": an electroencephalographic analysis employing the methods of induced event-related desynchronization/synchronization and event-related coherence. Brain Topogr. 2003, 16: 73-84. 10.1023/B:BRAT.0000006331.10425.4b.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmidt LA, Trainor LJ: Frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) distinguishes valence and intensity of musical emotions. Cognition Emotion. 2001, 15: 487-500.
Article
Google Scholar
Tsang CD, Trainor LJ, Santesso DL, Tasker SL, Schmidt LA: Frontal EEG responses as a function of affective musical features. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001, 930: 439-442.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baumgartner T, Esslen M, Jancke L: From emotion perception to emotion experience: emotions evoked by pictures and classical music. Int J Psychophysiol. 2006, 60: 34-43. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.04.007.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sammler D, Grigutsch M, Fritz T, Koelsch S: Music and emotion: Electrophysiological correlates of the processing of pleasant and unpleasant music. Psychophysiology. 2007, 44: 293-304. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00497.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O'Brien RG, Kaiser MK: MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychol Bull. 1985, 97: 316-333. 10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.316.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holm S: A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979, 65-70.
Google Scholar
Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, Autti T, Silvennoinen HM, Erkkilä J, Laine M, Peretz I, Hietanen M: Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain. 2008, 131: 866-876. 10.1093/brain/awn013.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eustache F, Desgranges B: MNESIS: towards the integration of current multisystem models of memory. Neuropsychol Rev. 2008, 18: 53-69. 10.1007/s11065-008-9052-3.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gabrieli JD: Cognitive neuroscience of human memory. Annu Rev Psychol. 1998, 49: 87-115. 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gabrieli JD, Poldrack RA, Desmond JE: The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 906-913. 10.1073/pnas.95.3.906.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Poldrack RA, Gabrieli JD: Memory and the brain: what's right and what's left?. Cell. 1998, 93: 1091-1093. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81451-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tulving E: [Episodic memory: from mind to brain]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2004, 160: S9-23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Altenmüller E, Schürmann K, Lim VK, Parlitz D: Hits to the left, flops to the right: different emotions during listening to music are reflected in cortical lateralisation patterns. Neuropsychologia. 2002, 13: 2242-2256. 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00107-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Davidson RJ: Anterior electrophysiological asymmetries, emotion, and depression: conceptual and methodological conundrums. Psychophysiology. 1998, 35: 607-614. 10.1017/S0048577298000134.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gosselin N, Samson S, Adolphs R, Noulhiane M, Roy M, Hasboun D, Baulac M, Peretz I: Emotional responses to unpleasant music correlates with damage to the parahippocampal cortex. Brain. 2006, 129: 2585-2592. 10.1093/brain/awl240.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Green AC, Baerentsen KB, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Wallentin M, Roepstorff A, Vuust P: Music in minor activates limbic structures: a relationship with dissonance?. Neuroreport. 2008, 19: 711-715. 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282fd0dd8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khalfa S, Schon D, Anton JL, Liégeois-Chauvel C: Brain regions involved in the recognition of happiness and sadness in music. Neuroreport. 2005, 16: 1981-1984. 10.1097/00001756-200512190-00002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mitterschiffthaler MT, Fu CH, Dalton JA, Andrew CM, Williams SC: A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007, 28: 1150-1162. 10.1002/hbm.20337.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schlaug G: Amygdala activity can be modulated by unexpected chord functions during music listening. Neuroreport. 2008, 19: 1815-1819. 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32831a8722.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lerner Y, Papo D, Zhdanov A, Belozersky L, Hendler T: Eyes wide shut: amygdala mediates eyes-closed effect on emotional experience with music. PLoS ONE. 2009, 4: e6230-10.1371/journal.pone.0006230.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koelsch S, Fritz TV, Cramon DY, Muller K, Friederici AD: Investigating emotion with music: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006, 27: 239-250. 10.1002/hbm.20180.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar